Genitourinary NCLEX Questions

Question 1 of 5

The nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with acute renal failure (ARF). Which question is most important for the nurse to ask during the admission interview?

A. Have you recently traveled outside the United States?B. Did you recently begin a vigorous exercise program?C. Is there a chance you have been exposed to a virus?D. What over-the-counter medications do you take regularly?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Acute renal failure can be caused by nephrotoxic agents, including over-the-counter medications like NSAIDs. Asking about medication use identifies potential causes of ARF, which is more directly relevant than travel, exercise, or viral exposure.

Question 2 of 5

The client diagnosed with ARF has a serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. Which collaborative treatment should the nurse anticipate for the client?

A. Administer a phosphate binder.B. Type and crossmatch for whole blood.C. Assess the client for leg cramps.D. Prepare the client for dialysis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L indicates severe hyperkalemia, which can cause cardiac arrhythmias. Dialysis is the most effective treatment to rapidly lower potassium in ARF. Phosphate binders, blood transfusions, or assessing cramps do not address hyperkalemia directly.

Question 3 of 5

The nurse and an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) are caring for clients on a medical floor. Which nursing task is most appropriate for the nurse to delegate?

A. Collect a clean voided midstream urine specimen.B. Evaluate the client’s eight (8)-hour intake and output.C. Assist in checking a unit of blood prior to hanging.D. Administer a cation-exchange resin enema.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Collecting a clean voided midstream urine specimen is a task within the UAP’s scope, as it involves following a standard procedure. Evaluating intake/output, checking blood, or administering enemas require nursing judgment or specialized training, making them inappropriate for delegation.

Question 4 of 5

The nurse is caring for the client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who is experiencing metabolic acidosis. Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for metabolic acidosis in this client?

A. There is an increased excretion of phosphates and organic acids, which leads to an increase in arterial blood pH.B. A shortened life span of red blood cells because of damage secondary to dialysis treatments in turn leads to metabolic acidosis.C. The kidney cannot excrete increased levels of acid because they cannot excrete ammonia or cannot reabsorb sodium bicarbonate.D. An increase in nausea and vomiting causes a loss of hydrochloric acid and the respiratory system cannot compensate adequately.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In CKD, the kidneys fail to excrete acids (via ammonia) and reabsorb bicarbonate, leading to metabolic acidosis. Increased acid excretion would raise pH, RBC lifespan affects anemia, and vomiting causes alkalosis, not acidosis.

Question 5 of 5

The client with CKD is placed on a fluid restriction of 1,500 mL/day. On the 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. shift the client drank an eight (8)-ounce cup of coffee, 4 ounces of juice, 12 ounces of tea, and 2 ounces of water with medications. What amount of fluid can the 7 p.m. to 7 a.m. nurse give to the client?

Correct Answer: 720 mL

Rationale: Convert ounces to mL (1 oz ≈ 30 mL): Coffee: 8 oz = 240 mL, Juice: 4 oz = 120 mL, Tea: 12 oz = 360 mL, Water: 2 oz = 60 mL.
Total consumed: 240 + 120 + 360 + 60 = 780 mL. Daily limit: 1,500 mL. Remaining: 1,500 - 780 = 720 mL.

Genitourinary NCLEX Questions | Nurselytic

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