NCLEX-PN
NCLEX Gastrointestinal Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing a client diagnosed with GERD for surgery. Which information warrants notifying the HCP?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An elevated WBC count (14,000/mm3) suggests infection or inflammation, which could complicate surgery and requires immediate attention. A positive Bernstein test and hiatal hernia are expected in GERD, and a hemoglobin of 13.8 g/dL is within normal limits.
Question 2 of 5
The male client had abdominal surgery and the nurse suspects the client has peritonitis. Which assessment data support the diagnosis of peritonitis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hard, rigid abdomen and elevated WBC count (22,000/mm3) indicate peritonitis due to peritoneal inflammation and infection. Absent bowel sounds are nonspecific, cramping with normal hemoglobin is less indicative, and diarrhea with Campylobacter suggests gastroenteritis.
Question 3 of 5
Which signs and symptoms should the nurse report to the health-care provider for the client recovering from an open cholecystectomy?
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Clay-colored stools and yellow-tinted sclera indicate possible bile duct obstruction or jaundice, while abdominal pain suggests complications like infection or bile leak, all requiring HCP notification. Amber urine and approximated wounds are less urgent.
Question 4 of 5
The 25-year-old client, hospitalized with an exacerbation of distal ulcerative colitis, is prescribed mesalamine rectally via enema. The client states that an enema is disgusting and wants to know why the medication cannot be given orally. Which is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A. If the client still desires a change in medication route after the rationale for rectal administration is explained, the HCP should be consulted. B. This is the nurse’s best response because it explains the purpose for administration via enema. This route delivers mesalamine (Asacol) directly to the affected area, thus maximizing effectiveness and minimizing side effects. C. Oral administration is possible, but rectal administration is preferred in distal colitis. D. Nurses cannot order medications or change medication routes without specific approval by the HCP, who is licensed to prescribe medications.
Question 5 of 5
The client asks how he contracted hepatitis A. He reports all of the following. Which one is most likely related to hepatitis A?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hepatitis A is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated food like oysters. Oysters from unsafe waters are a common source.