Physiological Adaptation NCLEX PN Questions

Extract:

Question 1 of 5

Neural tube defects in the fetus have been primarily associated with which deficiency in the mother?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Folic acid is essential for the development of the neural tube and might prevent the defect or failure of the tube to close (congenital anomalies).

Question 2 of 5

The nurse should make which of the following responses when questioned by a client about the role of leptin in the body?

A. It increases food intake in clients, thereby promoting obesity. B. It assists in the regulation of steroids. C. It increases the total fat mass of people who are obese. D. It might decrease the total fat mass in the bodies of people who are obese.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Leptin (recessive obesity gene-protein hormone) is expressed in fat cell coding for the protein that reacts to the percentage of fat cells in the body. Leptin is associated with increased energy expenditure and decreased food intake via hypothalamic control. Obese clients might have insensitivity or resistance to the effects of leptin. Leptin can affect other body hormones such as insulin. Genetic factors include leptin, uncoupling proteins, and the amount of brown/white fat in the body.

Question 3 of 5

Elderly persons with pernicious anemia should be instructed:

A. to increase their dietary intake of foods high in B12. B. that they do not need to return for follow-up for at least a month after initiation of treatment. C. that oral B12 is safer and less expensive than parenteral replacement. D. that diarrhea can be a transient side effect of B12 injections.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pernicious anemia is a megaloblastic, macrocytic, normochronic anemia caused by a deficiency of the intrinsic factor produced by the stomach. This results in malabsorption of vitamin B12, which is necessary for DNA synthesis and maturation of RBC. Education should include side effects of Vitamin B12, which can include pain and burning at the injection site, peripheral vascular thrombosis, and transient diarrhea.

Question 4 of 5

Appropriate nursing strategies to assist a client in maintaining a sense of self include:

A. using the client's first name when addressing the client B. treating the client with dignity C. explaining procedures only if the client is attentive D. discouraging the use of personal items

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Treating the client with dignity respects their individuality and fosters a sense of self, unlike the other options, which may undermine autonomy or engagement.

Question 5 of 5

A nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with Emphysema about the disease process. Which of the following statements best explains the problems associated with emphysema and could be adapted for use in the nurse's discussion with the client?

A. Hyperactivity of the medium-sized bronchi caused by an inflammatory response leads to wheezing and tightness in the chest. B. Larger than normal air spaces and loss of elastic recoil cause air to be trapped in the lung and collapse airways. C. Vasodilation, congestion, and mucosal edema cause a chronic cough and sputum production. D. Chloride is not being transported properly, producing excess absorption of water and sodium, and thick viscous mucus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Larger-than-normal air spaces and loss of elastic recoil cause air to be trapped in the lung and collapse airways. Emphysema is a breakdown of the elastin and fiber network of the alveoli where the alveoli enlarge or the walls are destroyed. This alveolar destruction leads to the formation of larger-than-normal air spaces. Emphysema is one of a group of pulmonary diseases of a chronic nature characterized by increased resistance to airflow; the entity is part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COP
D).

Physiological Adaptation NCLEX PN Questions | Nurselytic

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