NCLEX-RN
Free NCLEX RN Questions for Med Surg Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client with breast cancer has abdominal bloating and cramping with no bowel movement for 5 days. She says she usually has a bowel movement every day after her morning coffee. Bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants. She received 80 mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) 10 days ago. The nurse should contact the health care provider to request an order for which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A small-volume tap water enema is a gentle, effective intervention to stimulate a bowel movement, followed by evaluation for stool softeners to prevent recurrence, addressing chemotherapy-related constipation.
Question 2 of 5
Cushing's disease is manifested by the excessive secretion of corticosteroids. The hormones involved are:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cushing's disease involves excess glucocorticoids, aldosterone, and androgens due to adrenal hypersecretion.
Question 3 of 5
The client states she does not understand what causes idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The nurse provides which of the following explanations?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune condition where antibodies coat platelets, marking them for destruction by the spleen. This leads to a low platelet count. The liver is not primarily involved, ITP is not due to an underactive immune system, and while 'idiopathic' means the exact trigger is unknown, the autoimmune mechanism is well-established.
Question 4 of 5
A client with a spinal cord injury who has been active in sports and outdoor activities talks almost obsessively about his past activities. In tears, one day he asks the nurse, 'Why can't I stop talking about these things? I know those days are gone forever.' Which of the following responses by the nurse conveys the best understanding of the client's behavior?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reflecting on past activities is part of grieving, helping the client process the loss of function.
Question 5 of 5
A client is brought to the emergency department unconscious. An empty bottle of aspirin was found in his car, and a drug overdose is suspected. Which of the following medications should the nurse have available for further emergency treatment?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Activated charcoal is used to adsorb aspirin in the stomach, reducing absorption in an overdose. Vitamin K is for anticoagulant reversal, dextrose for hypoglycemia, and sodium thiosulfate for cyanide poisoning.