NCLEX-RN
NCLEX Practice Test RN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of cirrhosis. Which dietary restriction is most important?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Low sodium is critical in cirrhosis to reduce fluid retention and ascites caused by portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia. Protein is moderated but not severely restricted, and fat and carbohydrates are less critical.
Question 2 of 5
Before completing a nursing diagnosis, the nurse must first:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of nursing process.
Question 3 of 5
When a client is receiving vasoactive therapy IV, such as dopamine (Intropin), and extravasation occurs, the nurse should be prepared to administer which of the following medications directly into the site?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phentolamine is given to counteract the-adrenergic effects that cause ischemia and necrosis of local tissue. Epinephrine is an endogenous catecholamine that produces vasoconstriction and increases heart rate and contractility. Phenylephrine causes constriction of arterioles of skin, mucous membranes, and viscera, which in turn can cause ischemia and necrosis. Sodium bicarbonate is an alkalinizing agent that is incompatible with dopamine.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse would need to monitor the serum glucose levels of a client receiving which of the following medications, owing to its effects on glycogenolysis and insulin release?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Norepinephrine's side effects are primarily related to safe, effective care environment and include decreased peripheral perfusion and bradycardia. Dobutamine's side effects include increased heart rate and blood pressure, ventricular ectopy, nausea, and headache. Propranolol's side effects include elevated blood urea nitrogen, serum transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactic dehydrogenase. Epinephrine increases serum glucose levels by increasing glycogenolysis and inhibiting insulin release. Prolonged use can elevate serum lactate levels, leading to metabolic acidosis, increased urinary catecholamines, false elevation of blood urea nitrogen, and decreased coagulation time.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with suspected endometrial cancer.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Endometrial cancer often presents with abnormal uterine bleeding, which can manifest as watery vaginal discharge. Frothy discharge is more typical of trichomoniasis, thick white discharge suggests a yeast infection, and purulent discharge indicates infection, none of which are primary symptoms of endometrial cancer.