NCLEX Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

Extract:

Question 1 of 5

Which of the following medications is a serotonin antagonist that might be used to relieve nausea and vomiting?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Zofran is a serotonin antagonist that can be used to relieve nausea and vomiting. The other medications can be used for nausea and vomiting, but they have different mechanisms of action.

Question 2 of 5

The nurse applies a fentanyl transdermal patch to the client for the first time. Shortly after application, the client is experiencing pain. Which nursing action is most appropriate?

A. Remove the transdermal patch and apply a new one. B. Administer a short-acting opioid analgesic medication. C. Rub the transdermal patch to enhance drug absorption. D. Call the HCP to request a higher-dosed fentanyl patch.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A: Removing the patch is unnecessary; effective analgesia may take 12 to 24 hours. B: The nurse should administer a short-acting opioid analgesic. When the first fentanyl (Duragesic) transdermal patch is applied, effective analgesia may take 12 to 24 hours because absorption is slow. C: Transdermal patches should not be rubbed to enhance absorption; it can cause the delivery of the medication to fluctuate. D: It is premature to request a higher dose of fentanyl.

Question 3 of 5

Which statement best describes electrolytes in intracellular and extracellular fluid?

A. There is a greater concentration of sodium in extracellular fluid and potassium in intracellular fluid B. There is an equal concentration of sodium and potassium in extracellular fluid C. There is a greater concentration of potassium in extracellular fluid and sodium in intracellular fluid D. There is an equal concentration of sodium and potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluid

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: There is a greater concentration of sodium in extracellular fluid and potassium in intracellular fluid, maintaining cellular function and fluid balance.

Question 4 of 5

When administering intravenous electrolyte solution, the nurse should take which of the following precautions?

A. Infuse hypertonic solutions rapidly. B. Mix no more than 80 mEq of potassium per liter of fluid. C. Prevent infiltration of calcium, which causes tissue necrosis and sloughing. D. As appropriate, reevaluate the client's digitalis dosage. He might need an increased dosage because IV calcium diminishes digitalis's action.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Preventing tissue infiltration is important to avoid tissue necrosis.
Choice A is incorrect because hypertonic solutions should be infused cautiously and checked with the RN if there is a concern.
Choice B is incorrect because potassium, mixed in the pharmacy per physician order, is mixed at a concentration no higher than 60 mEq/L.

Question 5 of 5

Cyclosporine and methotrexate are prescribed for the client with severe rheumatoid arthritis. What information should the nurse address when teaching the client? Select all that apply.

A. Drink grapefruit juice to enhance the medication effects. B. Drink plenty of fluids to prevent becoming dehydrated. C. Avoid use of St. John's wort, echinacea, and melatonin. D. These medications are administered weekly by injection. E. Methotrexate and cyclosporine suppress the immune system.

Correct Answer: B,C,E

Rationale: A: Grapefruit juice should be avoided because it can increase the concentration of cyclosporine. B: Adequate hydration minimizes the risk of adverse effects. C: St. John's wort decreases cyclosporine levels. Echinacea and melatonin interact with cyclosporine to alter immunosuppression. D: Methotrexate and cyclosporine can be taken orally instead of by injection. It is incorrect that both medications are taken weekly. Only methotrexate is taken weekly, whereas cyclosporine is usually taken twice daily. E: Methotrexate and cyclosporine both have immunosuppressive effects.

NCLEX Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies | Nurselytic

Nurselytic

NCLEX-PN

NCLEX-PN