NCLEX-PN
NCLEX Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following are included in the Rights of Medication Administration? Select all that apply. A. right dose, B. right time, C. right explanation, D. right client, E. right route
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Rights of Medication Administration include right client, right drug, right dose, right route, and right time. An additional right that is sometimes included is right documentation.
Question 2 of 5
The child, admitted to the ED, is experiencing nausea and vomiting, salivation, respiratory muscle weakness, and depressed reflexes an hour after exposure to pesticides. Which medications should the nurse anticipate administering to the child?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A: Flumazenil (Romazicon) antagonizes the effects of benzodiazepines on the CNS, such as sedation, impaired recall, and psychomotor impairment. B: An organophosphate base in pesticides causes acetylcholine to accumulate at neuromuscular junctions. Atropine (Atropine), an anticholinergic medication, and pralidoxime chloride (Protopam), a cholinesterase reactivator, are effective antidotes to reverse the symptoms. C: Epinephrine (EpiPen) is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist and cardiac stimulant that strengthens myocardial contractions, increases systolic BP, increases cardiac rate and output, and constricts bronchial arterioles, inhibiting histamine release. Naloxone (Narcan) is a narcotic antagonist that reverses the effects of opiates. D: Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind) is the antidote for digoxin and digitoxin, which acts by complexing with circulating digoxin or digitoxin, preventing the drug from binding at receptor sites.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is leading a group session for clients with panic disorder. Which statement made by the client indicates that further teaching is needed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Buspirone, not diazepam (Valium), is the long-term medication of choice for panic disorder due to its nonaddicting quality.
Question 4 of 5
The 12-year-old weighing 50 kg is hospitalized with bacterial pneumonia and an upper respiratory tract infection. The nurse is reviewing the child's serum laboratory report illustrated. Based on the findings, which HCP order is most important for the nurse to question?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A: Amikacin (Amikin) is an aminoglycoside, which is nephrotoxic and should be questioned. The serum creatinine and BUN levels are elevated, suggesting decreased renal function. B: Guaifenesin (Robitussin) is used for cough. The dose is within the range for a child of 12 years. C: The serum osmolality is high, suggesting dehydration, and the potassium is low. D5 in 0.25 NaCl with 20 mEq/L at 90 mL/hr will treat the dehydration and hypokalemia. D: The acetaminophen (Tylenol) dose is within parameters, but it is concerning with the decreased renal function. Because acetaminophen is prn and amikacin is timed, the amikacin is more important to question.
Question 5 of 5
The client with chronic, stable angina telephones the clinic nurse and reports a headache lasting for several days after taking one dose of isosorbide mononitrate. The client also reports symptoms of orthostatic hypotension and palpitations. Which is the nurse's best action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A: Severe headaches, orthostatic hypotension, and palpitations may be a sign of isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) toxicity; thus, the client should be evaluated by an HCP. Other signs of toxicity include syncope, dizziness, blurred vision, and light-headedness. B: Isosorbide mononitrate should be taken in the morning to improve blood flow to the heart and prevent angina attacks that can occur due to increased oxygen demand from activity. C: A headache (but not a severe headache) can be treated with or prevented by analgesics taken either before or at the same time as the isosorbide mononitrate. D: Although the headaches will subside over time, the client is experiencing symptoms of isosorbide mononitrate toxicity.