NCLEX-PN
NCLEX Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
When administering intravenous electrolyte solution, the nurse should take which of the following precautions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Preventing tissue infiltration is important to avoid tissue necrosis.
Choice A is incorrect because hypertonic solutions should be infused cautiously and checked with the RN if there is a concern.
Choice B is incorrect because potassium, mixed in the pharmacy per physician order, is mixed at a concentration no higher than 60 mEq/L.
Question 2 of 5
The LPN is taking care of a 176-pound client who has recently been diagnosed with diabetes. The primary healthcare provider has written an order for Lantus (insulin glargine injection) 100 units/mL, using weight-based dosing of 0.2 units/kg per day. The LPN should prepare ___ units for administration.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
To find the answer, you must convert 176 pounds to kilograms. 2.2 pounds = 1 kg. You must divide 176 by 2.2, which equals 80 kg. The client is 80 kg, and they should receive 0.2 units for every kilogram they weigh, so 80 × 0.2 = 16 units.
Question 3 of 5
Cyclosporine and methotrexate are prescribed for the client with severe rheumatoid arthritis. What information should the nurse address when teaching the client? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: A: Grapefruit juice should be avoided because it can increase the concentration of cyclosporine. B: Adequate hydration minimizes the risk of adverse effects. C: St. John's wort decreases cyclosporine levels. Echinacea and melatonin interact with cyclosporine to alter immunosuppression. D: Methotrexate and cyclosporine can be taken orally instead of by injection. It is incorrect that both medications are taken weekly. Only methotrexate is taken weekly, whereas cyclosporine is usually taken twice daily. E: Methotrexate and cyclosporine both have immunosuppressive effects.
Question 4 of 5
The client with CP is taking dantrolene. The nurse evaluates that the medication is effective when noting that the client has an increase in which findings? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: A: Increased muscle spasticity indicates the medication is not effective. B: Common adverse effects include urinary frequency. C: Dantrolene acts directly on skeletal muscles to inhibit muscle contraction, improving mobility. D: Dantrolene acts directly on skeletal muscles to inhibit muscle contraction, improving the ability to maintain balance. E: Dantrolene does not increase alertness.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is developing the plan of care for the 7-year-old with encopresis who has been started on lactulose. Which outcome would be most appropriate for the nurse to establish?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A: Weight gain is not expected with an osmotic laxative. B: Nighttime continence is not expected to be altered by an osmotic laxative. C: Blood glucose is not expected to be altered by an osmotic laxative. D: Lactulose (Constulose) is an osmotic laxative used in treating encopresis to prevent constipation; the nurse should establish an outcome of a normal daily bowel movement.