NCLEX-PN
NCLEX PN Exam Cram Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
What is one characteristic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. HIV integrates its genetic material into the host cell's DNA. The virus uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy of its RNA, which is then inserted into the genetic material of the infected cell.
Choice A is incorrect because the presence of antibodies does not indicate immunity to HIV but rather exposure to the virus.
Choice B is incorrect as HIV replication occurs intracellularly, inside the host cell.
Choice D is irrelevant to the characteristics of HIV.
Question 2 of 5
The factor that most determines drug distribution is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'vascular perfusion of the tissue or organ.' Drug distribution is primarily determined by how well the circulatory system delivers the drug to various tissues and organs. Adequate perfusion ensures proper distribution of the drug throughout the body. While the salt form (choice
B), drug interactions (choice
C), and steady state (choice
D) can influence drug efficacy and metabolism, they are not as crucial as vascular perfusion for the initial distribution of a drug.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has suffered a left CVA and developed severe hemiparesis resulting in a loss of mobility. The nurse notices on assessment that an area over the patient's left elbow appears as non-blanchable erythema, and the skin is intact. The nurse should score the patient as having which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erythema with the skin intact is characteristic of a Stage I pressure ulcer. At this stage, the skin is not broken, but there is localized redness that does not blanch when pressed. Stage II pressure ulcers involve partial-thickness skin loss, Stage III pressure ulcers have full-thickness skin loss, and Stage IV pressure ulcers extend to deeper tissues, including muscle and bone. In this case, the non-blanchable erythema with intact skin aligns with the characteristics of a Stage I pressure ulcer.
Question 4 of 5
The client in the Emergency Department, who has suffered an ankle sprain, should be taught to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a client suffers an ankle sprain, the nurse should teach them to use cold applications to the sprain during the first 24-48 hours. Cold applications are believed to produce vasoconstriction and reduce the development of edema. Expecting disability to decrease within the first 24 hours of injury (choice
B) is incorrect as disability and pain are anticipated to increase during the first 2-3 hours after injury. Expecting pain to decrease within 3 hours after injury (choice
C) is also incorrect as pain and swelling usually increase initially. Beginning progressive passive and active range of motion exercises immediately (choice
D) is not recommended; these exercises are usually started 2-5 days after the injury, according to the physician's recommendation. Treatment for a sprain involves support, rest, and alternating cold and heat applications. X-ray pictures are often necessary to rule out any fractures.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following situations requires nurse intervention?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Patient confidentiality must be maintained at all times to respect the patient's privacy and dignity. Disclosing sensitive information like a patient's prognosis in a public setting violates confidentiality and can cause distress. The nurse should intervene in this situation and educate the nursing student about the importance of not discussing confidential patient information in public.
Choices A, B, and D do not involve breaching patient confidentiality and do not require immediate nurse intervention.
Choice A focuses on infection control measures, choice B relates to clinical assessment, and choice D is about the doctor's rounds, which are not urgent matters requiring immediate intervention.