NCLEX-PN
NCLEX PN Exam Cram Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
An infection in a central venous access device is not eliminated by giving antibiotics through the catheter. How might bacterial glycocalyx contribute to this?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bacterial glycocalyx is a viscous polysaccharide or polypeptide slime that covers microbes. It plays a significant role in protecting bacteria by enhancing adherence to surfaces, resisting phagocytic engulfment by white blood cells, and preventing antibiotics from contacting the microbe.
Choice A is correct because glycocalyx shields the bacteria from both antibiotics and the immune system, allowing the infection to persist.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because glycocalyx does not neutralize antibiotics, compete for binding sites with antibiotics, or provide nutrients for microbial growth.
Question 2 of 5
A client who is newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and beginning medication therapy asks the nurse, 'How soon will I see improvement?' The nurse's best response is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the case of Parkinson's disease, improvement in symptoms may take several weeks of therapy to become noticeable.
Therefore, the correct answer is to inform the client that it might take several weeks before they notice improvement.
Choice A acknowledges individual variability but does not provide a specific timeframe, making it less reassuring.
Choice B suggests deferring the question to the physician, which is not the most supportive response.
Choice C is incorrect because improvement in Parkinson's disease symptoms typically does not occur within a few days.
Question 3 of 5
Which type of cells secrete insulin?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta cells are responsible for secreting insulin. Insulin is produced by beta cells in the pancreas and plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. Alpha cells secrete glucagon, not insulin (
Choice
A). CD4 cells are a type of immune cell that helps coordinate the immune response (
Choice
C). Helper cells are a type of immune cell that aids in activating other immune cells (
Choice
D).
Therefore, the correct answer is beta cells.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse has been ordered to administer Morphine to a patient. Which of the following effects is unrelated to Morphine's effects on the patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Morphine is a narcotic analgesic that acts centrally to relieve pain by binding to opioid receptors in the CNS, leading to the depressed function of the CNS. Morphine also causes peripheral vasodilation, which can lead to increased blood flow. However, morphine causes venous dilation and increased venous capacity rather than decreased venous capacity.
Therefore, the effect of 'Decreased venous capacity' is unrelated to Morphine's effects. Pain relief is a well-known effect of Morphine, as it acts on the CNS to alter the perception of pain.
Question 5 of 5
What is one characteristic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. HIV integrates its genetic material into the host cell's DNA. The virus uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy of its RNA, which is then inserted into the genetic material of the infected cell.
Choice A is incorrect because the presence of antibodies does not indicate immunity to HIV but rather exposure to the virus.
Choice B is incorrect as HIV replication occurs intracellularly, inside the host cell.
Choice D is irrelevant to the characteristics of HIV.