NCLEX-PN
NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is completing the client’s hospital admission history. Which statement should prompt the nurse to further question the client about symptoms associated with GERD?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A. Headaches are a symptom not related to GERD. B. Heartburn, which is described as a burning, tight sensation in the lower sternum, is the most common symptom of GERD. It will often wake the client from sleep. C. Night sweats are a symptom not related to GERD. D. Postprandial sleepiness is a symptom not related to GERD.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is assessing the client diagnosed with chronic gastritis. Which symptom(s) support this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dyspepsia (indigestion) and hematemesis (vomiting blood) are symptoms of chronic gastritis due to mucosal irritation. Midsternal pain, pain relief with food, and projectile vomiting are less typical.
Question 3 of 5
The RN overhears the LPN talking with the client who is being prepared for a total colectomy with the creation of an ileoanal reservoir for ulcerative colitis. Which statement made by the LPN should the RN clarify to decrease the client’s anxiety?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A. The client will not be at risk for colon cancer because with a total colectomy the entire colon is removed. B. Since this surgery removes the total colon, the ulcerative colitis will be cured. C. The client will be unable to eat until peristalsis returns, and then it may take several days before solid foods are tolerated. D. The client will initially have an ileostomy; after the reservoir has healed, the ileostomy will be closed. Knowing that the ileostomy will be temporary is important information for the client to decrease anxiety.
Question 4 of 5
The client is scheduled for an abdominal-perineal resection for cancer of the rectum. Which components should the nurse include in the client’s preoperative education? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: An abdominal-perineal resection removes the sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus. As a result the client will have a permanent colostomy. The enterostomal nurse will identify and mark an appropriate stoma location after considering the client’s skinfolds, clothing preferences, and the level of the colostomy. The bowel is cleansed preoperatively to reduce the risk of peritoneal contamination by bowel contents during surgery. Antibiotics are prescribed to be given preoperatively to reduce the risk of peritoneal contamination by bowel contents during surgery. Postoperatively the client with an abdominal-perineal resection is at risk for sexual dysfunction and urinary incontinence as a result of nerve damage. This needs to be discussed with the client prior to surgery by the surgeon or a member of the surgical team.
Question 5 of 5
The client is hospitalized with a large bowel obstruction resulting in massive abdominal distention. Which assessment findings should be most concerning to the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Decreased lung sounds are the most concerning finding because it can be life-threatening. Massive distention can impair function of the diaphragm, which in turn leads to atelectasis and compromised respiratory function.