NCLEX-PN
NCLEX Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is assessing the client with herpes zoster. The nurse determines that acyclovir is an effective treatment when which finding is noted?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A: Drying and crusting of genital lesions would indicate acyclovir's effectiveness for treating genital herpes, not herpes zoster. B: Herpes zoster produces painful vesicular skin eruptions along the course of a nerve. Crusting and healing of the vesicular skin lesions indicate that acyclovir (Zovirax) is effective. C: Urticaria (swollen, raised areas) and pruritus (itching) are not symptoms of herpes zoster. D: The lesions of chicken pox are generalized, whereas herpes zoster lesions occur along the course of a nerve. Herpes zoster occurs when the chicken pox (varicella zoster) virus that has incorporated itself into nerve cells is reactivated years after the initial infection, but it is not chicken pox.
Question 2 of 5
Cyclosporine and methotrexate are prescribed for the client with severe rheumatoid arthritis. What information should the nurse address when teaching the client? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: A: Grapefruit juice should be avoided because it can increase the concentration of cyclosporine. B: Adequate hydration minimizes the risk of adverse effects. C: St. John's wort decreases cyclosporine levels. Echinacea and melatonin interact with cyclosporine to alter immunosuppression. D: Methotrexate and cyclosporine can be taken orally instead of by injection. It is incorrect that both medications are taken weekly. Only methotrexate is taken weekly, whereas cyclosporine is usually taken twice daily. E: Methotrexate and cyclosporine both have immunosuppressive effects.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following would likely not be a barrier to learning?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dysphagia may be a barrier to communication but not to learning. Barriers to learning include an altered mental status, taking sedative medications, and lack of motivation to learn.
Question 4 of 5
Two hours after administering iron dextran, the nurse is drawing the client's blood sample for a laboratory test. Which intervention should the nurse implement when noting that the client's blood has a brownish hue?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A: The nurse should document the finding of the blood's brownish hue; iron dextran (Dexferrum) may impart a brownish hue to blood drawn within four hours after administration. B: Drawing blood from another site is unnecessary because iron dextran imparts the brown-colored serum, and the color will be unchanged even if blood is drawn at another site. C: Notifying the HCP is unnecessary because the brown-colored serum is a normal finding after iron dextran administration. D: The blood sample should not be discarded because the brown-colored serum is a normal finding after iron dextran administration and will not affect laboratory analysis.
Question 5 of 5
When administering intravenous electrolyte solution, the nurse should take which of the following precautions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Preventing tissue infiltration is important to avoid tissue necrosis.
Choice A is incorrect because hypertonic solutions should be infused cautiously and checked with the RN if there is a concern.
Choice B is incorrect because potassium, mixed in the pharmacy per physician order, is mixed at a concentration no higher than 60 mEq/L.