NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Medical Surgical Questions Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is assessing a client with increasing intracranial pressure (ICP). The nurse should notify the health care provider about which of the following changes in the client's condition?
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: All listed changes are critical signs of increasing ICP. Widening pulse pressure (Cushing's triad), bradycardia, dilated fixed pupils, and decreased LOC indicate neurological deterioration requiring immediate notification of the health care provider for intervention.
Question 2 of 5
A 42-year-old female highway construction worker is concerned about her cancer risks. She reveals that she has been married for 18 years, has two children, smokes one pack of cigarettes per day, and drinks one to two beers with her husband after work almost every day. She is 30 lb overweight, eats fast food often, and rarely eats fresh fruits and vegetables. Her mother was diagnosed with breast cancer 2 years ago. Her father and an aunt both died of lung cancer. She had a basal cell carcinoma removed from her cheek 3 years earlier. What combination of behavioral changes should the nurse instruct this client to make first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stopping smoking, using sun protection, and losing weight address the most critical modifiable risk factors for this client, given her smoking history, prior skin cancer, and obesity, which are linked to multiple cancers.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following symptoms might indicate that a client was developing tetany after a subtotal thyroidectomy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tetany, caused by hypocalcemia from parathyroid gland damage during thyroidectomy, presents with tingling in the fingers, muscle cramps, or spasms.
Question 4 of 5
A client with colon cancer had a left hemicolectomy 3 weeks previously. The client is still having difficulty maintaining an adequate oral intake to meet metabolic needs for optimal healing. Which of the following nutritional support methods would be most appropriate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A nasogastric feeding tube with protein supplement is appropriate for short-term nutritional support post-hemicolectomy, as it delivers nutrients directly to the stomach while the client's oral intake improves.
Question 5 of 5
A client has the following arterial blood gas values: pH, 7.52; PaO2, 50 mm Hg; PaCO2, 28 mm Hg; HCO3ˆ’, 24 mEq/L. Based upon the client's PaO2, which of the following conclusions would be accurate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A PaO2 of 50 mm Hg indicates severe hypoxia (normal is 75–100 mm Hg), requiring urgent oxygen therapy. It poses significant risk and is not normal or manageable with low concentrations.