NCLEX-PN
NCLEX Gastrointestinal Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The client diagnosed with ulcerative colitis is prescribed a low-residue diet. Which meal selection indicates the client understands the diet teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A low-residue diet minimizes fiber to reduce bowel irritation, so roast pork, white rice, and plain custard (low-fiber foods) are appropriate. The other options include high-fiber foods like wheat, vegetables, and whole grains, which are contraindicated.
Question 2 of 5
The 25-year-old client, hospitalized with an exacerbation of distal ulcerative colitis, is prescribed mesalamine rectally via enema. The client states that an enema is disgusting and wants to know why the medication cannot be given orally. Which is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A. If the client still desires a change in medication route after the rationale for rectal administration is explained, the HCP should be consulted. B. This is the nurse’s best response because it explains the purpose for administration via enema. This route delivers mesalamine (Asacol) directly to the affected area, thus maximizing effectiveness and minimizing side effects. C. Oral administration is possible, but rectal administration is preferred in distal colitis. D. Nurses cannot order medications or change medication routes without specific approval by the HCP, who is licensed to prescribe medications.
Question 3 of 5
The client with liver problems asks the nurse, 'Why are my stools clay-colored?' On which scientific rationale should the nurse base the response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clay-colored stools result from the liver’s inability to excrete bilirubin, which gives stool its brown color. Ammonia, fat metabolism, and vitamin detoxification are unrelated.
Question 4 of 5
The client developed a paralytic ileus after abdominal surgery. Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maintaining a patent NG tube decompresses the bowel in paralytic ileus, preventing complications. Laxatives and oral fluids are contraindicated, and deep breathing is unrelated.
Question 5 of 5
Which data should the nurse expect to assess in the client diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loud, rushing bowel sounds are expected in gastroenteritis due to increased peristalsis from irritation. Decreased sounds, hard abdomen, or melena suggest other conditions.