NCLEX-PN
NCLEX Health Promotion and Maintenance Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Medication bound to protein can have which of the following effects?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protein-bound drugs are inactive and less available for therapeutic effects until unbound. This does not enhance availability, speed distribution, or increase metabolism.
Question 2 of 5
A client's central venous access device (CVAD) becomes infected. Why might the physician order antibiotics to be given through the line rather than through a peripheral IV line?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Microorganisms that infect CVADs are often coagulase-negative staphylococci, which can be eliminated by antibiotic administration through the catheter. If unsuccessful in eliminating the microorganism, the CVAD must be removed. CVAD use lessens the need for peripheral IV lines and thus the risk of infiltration. In this case, however, the antibiotics are given to eradicate microorganisms from the CVAD. CVAD use has the effect described in
Choice 2, but in this case, the antibiotics are given through the CVAD to eliminate the infective agent. The route does not prevent an allergic reaction.
Question 3 of 5
An example of an extended care facility is a:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When an elderly client has been hospitalized for an illness, under Medicare he or she can be transferred to a nursing facility.
Question 4 of 5
A client needs to rapidly achieve a therapeutic plasma drug concentration of a medication. Rather than wait for steady state to be achieved, the physician might order:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A loading or priming dose rapidly establishes a therapeutic plasma drug level. It can be calculated by multiplying the volume of distribution by the desired plasma drug concentration.
Question 5 of 5
In infants and children, the side effects of first-generation over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benedryl) and hydroxyzine (Atarax), can include:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Typically, first-generation OTC antihistamines have a sedating effect because of passage into the CNS. However, in some individuals, especially infants and children, paradoxical CNS stimulation occurs and is manifested by excitement, euphoria, restlessness, and confusion. For this reason, use of first-generation OTC antihistamines has declined and second-generation product use has increased. Reye's syndrome is a systemic response to a virus. First-generation OTC antihistamines do not exhibit a cholinergic effect. Nausea and diarrhea are uncommon with first-generation OTC antihistamines.