NCLEX-PN
NCLEX Health Promotion and Maintenance Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A day care center has asked the nurse to provide education for parents regarding safety in the home. What type of preventive care does this represent?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention involves activities that are utilized to promote wellness or prevent illness or injury. There are many dangers in the home for small children. Providing education regarding the need for safety measures to prevent injury in the home is considered primary prevention. Secondary prevention involves early detection of a disease or illness and quick intervention to aid the client in maintenance of the disease or injury. Tertiary prevention involves the reduction of a disability and the promotion of the highest level of functioning for a client in relation to his or her disease or injury. Health promotion is any activity that increases a client's health and wellness.
Question 2 of 5
Metformin (Glucophage) is administered to clients with type II diabetes mellitus. Metformin is an example of:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This antihyperglycemic agent prevents hyperglycemia by reducing hepatic glucose output and decreasing glucose absorption from the gut. A hypoglycemic drug stimulates insulin production. Metformin is not a type of insulin. Metformin is not a stimulant of any pancreatic cell.
Question 3 of 5
Mr. Lee comes to the clinic with thick green drainage around his eyelids. The nurse examiner takes his history and performs a physical examination, beginning with an eye history. General information the nurse should seek is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Data belonging in a general health history of the eye includes employment, activities, allergies, medications, lenses, and protective devices used.
Question 4 of 5
A teenage client is admitted to the hospital because of acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose. Overdoses of acetaminophen can precipitate life-threatening abnormalities in which of the following organs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acetaminophen is extensively metabolized in the liver.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because prolonged use of acetaminophen might result in an increased risk of renal dysfunction, but a single overdose does not precipitate life-threatening problems in the respiratory system, renal system, or adrenal glands.
Question 5 of 5
In infants and children, the side effects of first-generation over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benedryl) and hydroxyzine (Atarax), can include:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Typically, first-generation OTC antihistamines have a sedating effect because of passage into the CNS. However, in some individuals, especially infants and children, paradoxical CNS stimulation occurs and is manifested by excitement, euphoria, restlessness, and confusion. For this reason, use of first-generation OTC antihistamines has declined and second-generation product use has increased. Reye's syndrome is a systemic response to a virus. First-generation OTC antihistamines do not exhibit a cholinergic effect. Nausea and diarrhea are uncommon with first-generation OTC antihistamines.