NCLEX-PN
NCLEX Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client with asthma develops respiratory acidosis. Based on this diagnosis, what should the nurse expect the client's serum potassium level to be?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperkalemia occurs in a state of acidosis because potassium moves from injured cells into the bloodstream.
Question 2 of 5
The client with Addison's disease is taking fludrocortisone 100 mcg orally once daily. Which statement made by the client regarding the fludrocortisone therapy requires further teaching by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A: The client should check with the HCP about getting vaccinations such as influenza; a chronic condition increases the client's risk for other illnesses and complications. B: The client needs further teaching if stating that he or she will stop taking fludrocortisone (Florinef) if his or her blood sugar levels are too high; stopping mineralocorticoid replacement therapy abruptly may lead to addisonian crisis. C: Common adverse effects of fludrocortisone include edema, arrhythmias, and hypertension; stating that he or she should monitor weight, BP, and pulse daily is appropriate. D: Common adverse effects of fludrocortisone include hypokalemia; stating that he or she should consume potassium-rich foods is appropriate.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse administered phenylephrine eye drops to the client before performing an ophthalmoscopic eye examination. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A: Tremors are a side effect if phenylephrine is absorbed systemically. B: Because phenylephrine absorbed systemically is a vasoconstrictor, hypertension (not hypotension) can occur as a side effect. C: Miosis is pupil constriction, not an effect of phenylephrine. D: Phenylephrine (NeoSynephrine), an adrenergic agonist, produces pupil dilation (mydriasis) by activating alpha1-adrenergic receptors on the dilator muscles of the iris.
Question 4 of 5
The client calls a clinic 2 weeks after taking oral carbidopa-levodopa, stating that the medication has been ineffective in controlling the symptoms of PD. What nursing action is most important?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A: Reviewing the method for taking carbidopa-levodopa, including foods to avoid, may be important, but option C is most important. More information is needed to determine whether the client is taking it correctly. B: A dosage change is unnecessary because it has been only two weeks since the client started carbidopa-levodopa. C: With oral administration of carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet), it usually takes 1 to 2 months before an effect is noted, although in some cases it may require up to 6 months. D: A high-protein diet can slow or prevent absorption of carbidopa-levodopa. Vitamin B6 increases the action of decarboxylases that destroy levodopa in the body's periphery, reducing the effects of carbidopa-levodopa. Foods high in pyridoxine should be avoided.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following would likely not be a barrier to learning?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dysphagia may be a barrier to communication but not to learning. Barriers to learning include an altered mental status, taking sedative medications, and lack of motivation to learn.