HESI LPN
HESI Practice Test for Fundamentals Questions
Question 1 of 5
The client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being educated about lifestyle changes. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Clients with COPD should limit alcohol intake, not just to weekends, to effectively manage their condition. Excessive alcohol consumption can worsen respiratory symptoms and interfere with medications.
Choices A, B, and D are all appropriate and beneficial for clients with COPD. Salt intake reduction helps in managing fluid retention and blood pressure. Regular exercise improves lung function and overall health. Monitoring blood pressure is crucial for individuals with COPD as hypertension is a common comorbidity.
Question 2 of 5
The client is advised to take dexamethasone (Decadron) with food or milk. What is the physiological basis for this advice?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stimulates hydrochloric acid production. Dexamethasone can stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which may lead to irritation of the stomach lining. Taking dexamethasone with food or milk helps to neutralize or buffer the acid, reducing the risk of stomach irritation.
Choice A is incorrect because dexamethasone does not inhibit pepsin production.
Choice C is incorrect as dexamethasone does not slow stomach emptying time.
Choice D is incorrect as dexamethasone does not reduce hydrochloric acid production.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following should a group of community health nurses plan as part of a primary prevention program for occupational pulmonary diseases?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Elimination of the exposure.' Primary prevention programs for occupational pulmonary diseases aim to prevent the development of these diseases by eliminating or minimizing exposure to harmful substances in the workplace. Screening for early symptoms (
Choice
A) focuses on secondary prevention, detecting diseases at an early stage. Providing treatment for diagnosed conditions (
Choice
B) is part of tertiary prevention, managing and treating established diseases. Increasing awareness of symptoms (
Choice
D) may help in early detection but does not directly address the prevention of exposure, which is crucial for primary prevention of occupational pulmonary diseases.
Question 4 of 5
A healthcare professional is preparing to administer metoprolol 200 mg PO daily. The medication available is metoprolol 100 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the healthcare professional administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To administer 200 mg of metoprolol using 100 mg tablets, the healthcare professional should give 2 tablets. Each tablet contains 100 mg of metoprolol, so 2 tablets will provide the required 200 mg dose.
Choice A is incorrect because 1 tablet would only provide 100 mg, which is insufficient.
Choice C is incorrect as fractions of tablets are usually not used in practice to ensure accurate dosing.
Choice D is incorrect as it would result in an overdose, providing 400 mg instead of the prescribed 200 mg.
Question 5 of 5
A client is immobile due to a cast, and a nurse is assisting in the use of a fracture bedpan. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct action when using a fracture bedpan for an immobile client is to place the shallow end of the pan under the client's buttocks. This positioning helps in proper collection of feces without causing discomfort or injury. Encouraging the client to try to defecate for 20 minutes (
Choice
B) is inappropriate and unrealistic, as defecation should not be forced or timed. Keeping the bed flat (
Choice
C) is incorrect as elevating the head of the bed can help promote proper positioning for bedpan use. Hyperextending the client's back (
Choice
D) is contraindicated and can lead to discomfort and potential injury to the client.