HESI LPN
CAT Exam Practice Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is assessing a client with Addison's disease who is weak, dizzy, disoriented, and has dry oral mucous membranes, poor skin turgor, and sunken eyes. Vital signs are blood pressure 94/44, heart rate 123 beats/minute, respiration 22 breaths/minute. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The client's symptoms suggest possible adrenal crisis or hypoglycemia. Checking glucose is a priority to rule out hypoglycemia, which requires immediate intervention. The client is presenting with symptoms indicative of hypoglycemia, which can be life-threatening if not promptly addressed. Assessing extremity strength, reporting sodium levels, or measuring the cardiac QRS complex are not the most urgent actions in this scenario.
Question 2 of 5
The client had gastric bypass surgery yesterday. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement during the first 24 postoperative hours?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monitoring hourly urinary output is crucial during the first 24 postoperative hours to assess kidney function, fluid balance, and early detection of complications like dehydration or inadequate kidney perfusion. Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter is not routinely necessary after gastric bypass surgery unless there are specific indications. Monitoring for an incisional hernia is important but not the highest priority in the immediate postoperative period. Instructing the client to eat small frequent meals is essential for long-term dietary management after gastric bypass surgery, but not the most critical intervention during the initial 24 hours.
Question 3 of 5
When educating a group of school-age children on reducing the risk of Lyme disease, which instruction should the camp nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction to reduce the risk of Lyme disease is to wear long sleeves and pants. This helps prevent tick bites, which are the primary mode of transmission for Lyme disease. Wearing protective clothing reduces the skin's exposure to ticks, decreasing the chances of getting bitten. Washing hands frequently (
Choice
A) is important for general hygiene but not specifically for preventing Lyme disease. Avoiding drinking lake water (
Choice
B) is unrelated to the prevention of Lyme disease. Not sharing personal products (
Choice
D) is important for preventing the spread of infections but does not directly reduce the risk of Lyme disease.
Question 4 of 5
For a client with pneumonia, the prescription states, "Oxygen at liters/min per nasal cannula PRN difficult breathing." Which nursing intervention is effective in preventing oxygen toxicity?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Choice A is the correct answer because prolonged exposure to high levels of oxygen can lead to oxygen toxicity. Administering oxygen at high levels for extended periods can overwhelm the body's natural defenses against high oxygen levels, causing toxicity.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect.
Choice B is unrelated to preventing oxygen toxicity.
Choice C is unsafe as removing the nasal cannula can deprive the client of necessary oxygen.
Choice D, running oxygen through a hydration source, is not a standard practice for preventing oxygen toxicity.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has undergone abdominal surgery. What instruction should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Avoid heavy lifting for at least 6 weeks.' After abdominal surgery, it is essential to avoid heavy lifting to prevent complications such as incisional hernias and support proper healing.
Choice B, 'Limit fluid intake to reduce the risk of infection,' is incorrect because adequate fluid intake is necessary for wound healing and preventing dehydration.
Choice C, 'Resume normal activities as soon as possible,' is incorrect as it may increase the risk of complications and delay healing.
Choice D, 'Avoid driving for at least 2 weeks,' is incorrect as the restriction on driving may vary depending on the type of surgery and individual recovery.