Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Rest. When a child is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia, the priority need in the nursing plan of care is to ensure adequate rest for the child. Rest is crucial as it allows the child's body to fight the infection and recover.
Choice B, Exercise, is incorrect as strenuous physical activity may further strain the child's respiratory system.
Choice C, Nutrition, is important but providing rest takes precedence initially.
Choice D, Elimination, is not the priority concern in this scenario compared to ensuring rest for recovery from pneumonia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Live vaccines, like the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, should not be administered to immunosuppressed infants, such as those undergoing chemotherapy. The weakened immune system of these infants may not be able to handle live vaccines safely, potentially leading to severe complications.
Therefore, it is crucial to avoid giving live vaccines like MMR to infants receiving chemotherapy.
Choice A is incorrect as delaying the MMR vaccine until the infant reaches 2 years of age is not the main concern in this scenario.
Choice C is incorrect because although MMR vaccination is important for disease prevention, it should not be given to immunosuppressed infants.
Choice D is incorrect as immediate action is needed to prevent potential harm from live vaccines in immunosuppressed infants.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Projectile vomiting is the hallmark clinical manifestation of pyloric stenosis in infants. In pyloric stenosis, the muscle surrounding the opening between the stomach and the small intestine thickens, leading to obstruction. This obstruction causes forceful, projectile vomiting, which is typically non-bilious (does not contain bile) and occurs after feedings.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal distension are not typical symptoms of pyloric stenosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the parents to avoid exposure to allergens. Asthma attacks are commonly triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold. By minimizing the child's contact with these triggers, the likelihood of asthma attacks can be reduced. Encouraging regular exercise can be beneficial for overall health but may not directly prevent asthma attacks. Providing a high-protein diet and increasing fluid intake are important for general health but are not specific preventive measures for asthma attacks.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: palpable olive-like mass. In pyloric stenosis, a palpable olive-like mass can often be felt in the abdomen due to the hypertrophied pyloric muscle. This mass is a key characteristic finding in infants with pyloric stenosis.
Choice A, abdominal rigidity, is more commonly associated with conditions like peritonitis.
Choice B, substernal retraction, is not typically seen in pyloric stenosis but can be a sign of respiratory distress.
Choice D, marked distention of the lower abdomen, is not specific to pyloric stenosis and can be present in various abdominal conditions.