HESI LPN
Medical Surgical HESI Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which statement correctly explains the etiology of Down syndrome?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'There is an extra chromosome on the 21st pair.' Down syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, known as trisomy 21. This additional genetic material leads to the characteristics associated with Down syndrome.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Down syndrome is not due to a missing chromosome or having two pairs of the 21st chromosome; it results from the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair.
Question 2 of 5
A client with cancer is receiving chemotherapy with a known vesicant. The client's IV has been in place for 72 hours. The nurse determines that a new IV site cannot be obtained and leaves the present IV in place. What is the greatest clinical risk related to this situation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Impaired skin integrity. In this situation, the greatest clinical risk is related to impaired skin integrity due to the potential extravasation of the vesicant. Vesicants are substances that can cause severe tissue damage if they leak into the surrounding tissues.
Choices B, C, and D are not the most significant risks in this scenario. Fluid volume excess, acute pain, and peripheral neurovascular dysfunction are not directly associated with leaving the IV in place with a known vesicant for an extended period.
Question 3 of 5
A client with rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed methotrexate. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction that the nurse should include in the teaching plan for a client prescribed methotrexate is to report any signs of infection immediately. Methotrexate can suppress the immune system, making the individual more susceptible to infections. Reporting signs of infection promptly allows for timely intervention.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Avoiding folic acid supplements is not recommended because methotrexate can lead to folate deficiency, so supplementation may be necessary. There is no direct correlation between fluid intake limitation and methotrexate use. Increasing high-calcium foods is not specifically related to methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Question 4 of 5
To assess the quality of an adult client's pain, what approach should the nurse use?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct approach for assessing the quality of an adult client's pain is to ask the client to describe the pain. By doing so, the nurse gains valuable information about the quality, location, and nature of the pain directly from the client. This approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the pain experience.
Choice A, asking the client to rate the pain on a scale of 1 to 10, focuses more on intensity rather than quality.
Choice C, observing the client's nonverbal cues, can provide additional information but may not fully capture the client's subjective experience of pain.
Choice D, determining the client's pain tolerance, is not directly related to assessing the quality of pain but rather to how much pain a client can endure.
Question 5 of 5
While performing a skin assessment on an older adult, the nurse notices a number of irregular round brownish-colored lesions on the client's hands, arms, and face. On palpation, they are flat and slightly rough to the touch. Based on this assessment finding, which action should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Referral for a skin biopsy is necessary to rule out potential malignancy of irregular skin lesions. Applying a topical antibiotic ointment (
Choice
A) is not indicated for irregular pigmented lesions. Monitoring the lesions for changes (
Choice
B) may delay appropriate intervention if malignancy is present. Advising the client to use sunscreen (
Choice
C) is important for sun protection but is not the priority when irregular lesions are present.