HESI LPN
HESI Fundamental Practice Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
When providing oral care for an unconscious client, which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When providing oral care for an unconscious client, it is essential to place them in a lateral position with the head turned to the side before beginning the procedure. This positioning helps prevent aspiration by allowing fluids to drain out of the mouth, reducing the risk of choking or aspiration pneumonia. Inserting a suction catheter before brushing the teeth (
Choice
B) is not recommended as it can cause discomfort and increase the risk of oral tissue injury. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush only with water (
Choice
C) is not sufficient for effective oral care as toothpaste helps in removing plaque and bacteria. Brushing the client's teeth while they are in a supine position (
Choice
D) is not safe as it increases the risk of aspiration since fluids can easily enter the airway in this position.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which action should the LPN/LVN take to maintain patency of the tube?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct action to maintain patency of a nasogastric (NG) tube is to flush the tube with water before and after medication administration. Flushing helps prevent clogging and ensures that the tube remains clear for proper functioning. Securing the tube to the client's gown (
Choice
B) is important for stability but does not directly address tube patency. Checking the placement of the tube by auscultation (
Choice
C) is crucial for verifying correct placement but does not specifically relate to maintaining tube patency. Irrigating the tube with normal saline every shift (
Choice
D) is not a routine practice for maintaining tube patency and can lead to electrolyte imbalances.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has damage to the cerebellum. Which disorder is most important for the nurse to assess?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When the cerebellum is damaged, it leads to impaired balance. The cerebellum plays a crucial role in coordinating movements and maintaining balance.
Therefore, assessing the patient's balance is essential in determining the extent of cerebellar damage. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because hemiplegia refers to paralysis of one side of the body, muscle sprain is a soft tissue injury, and lower extremity paralysis involves loss of function in the lower limbs. These conditions are not directly associated with damage to the cerebellum.
Question 4 of 5
A healthcare professional is preparing to insert an IV catheter into a client's arm prior to initiating IV fluid therapy. Which of the following interventions should the healthcare professional implement to prevent infection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Using a sterile technique throughout the procedure is essential to prevent infection when inserting an IV catheter. This includes maintaining aseptic conditions, using sterile equipment, and following proper hand hygiene practices.
Choice A is incorrect because threading the catheter up to the hub does not specifically address infection prevention.
Choice C is incorrect as cleaning the insertion site with alcohol only may not provide adequate disinfection, as it is essential to use an antiseptic solution to reduce microbial load.
Choice D is incorrect as wearing gloves alone is not sufficient protection against infection; a mask should also be worn to prevent the spread of microorganisms through respiratory secretions.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer a medication through a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which action should the LPN/LVN take to ensure proper administration?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To ensure proper administration through a nasogastric tube, the LPN/LVN should flush the tube with 30 ml of water before and after medication administration. This action helps ensure the tube is patent, prevents clogging, and helps deliver the medication effectively. Checking the placement of the tube by auscultation (
Choice
A) is essential but does not directly relate to ensuring proper administration. Administering the medication with food (
Choice
C) may not always be appropriate for all medications and may not necessarily prevent nausea. Diluting the medication with normal saline (
Choice
D) is not a standard practice for all medications administered via an NG tube and may alter the medication's effectiveness.