HESI LPN
Medical Surgical HESI 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
When interacting with the parents of a SIDS infant, the nurse should attempt to assist the parents with:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Allaying feelings of guilt and blame. When parents experience the loss of a SIDS infant, they often struggle with intense feelings of guilt and self-blame. The nurse's role is to provide emotional support and help alleviate these feelings.
Choices A and B are incorrect as encouraging the parents to have another baby or to remain stoic is not appropriate or helpful in this situation.
Choice D is also incorrect because focusing on how the event could have been prevented may exacerbate feelings of guilt and is not the immediate priority in supporting grieving parents.
Question 2 of 5
When caring for a client with nephrotic syndrome, which assessment is most important for the nurse to obtain?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Corrected
Rationale: Daily weight is the most important assessment to monitor fluid balance in clients with nephrotic syndrome. In nephrotic syndrome, excessive protein loss leads to fluid retention and edema. Monitoring daily weight allows the nurse to assess fluid status accurately. Vital signs, while important, may not directly reflect fluid balance changes in nephrotic syndrome. Level of consciousness and bowel sounds are not typically the primary assessments for monitoring fluid balance in clients with nephrotic syndrome.
Question 3 of 5
When speaking to young parents, the nurse states that lead poisoning is one of the most common preventable health problems affecting children. What condition occurs when the level of lead ingested exceeds the amount that can be absorbed by the bone?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anemia. When the amount of lead ingested exceeds the amount that can be absorbed by the bone, it leads to anemia. Malnutrition (
Choice
A) is a state of inadequate nutrition, not directly related to lead poisoning. Bone pain (
Choice
C) is a symptom of lead poisoning due to its effects on bones but not directly related to lead ingestion exceeding absorption. Diarrhea (
Choice
D) is not a direct consequence of lead ingestion exceeding absorption by bones.
Question 4 of 5
A client with chronic kidney disease is receiving epoetin alfa. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor to determine the effectiveness of the treatment?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hemoglobin and hematocrit. Epoetin alfa is a medication that stimulates red blood cell production, so monitoring hemoglobin and hematocrit levels is essential to assess its effectiveness. These values reflect the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and can indicate if the treatment is improving anemia related to chronic kidney disease.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine are indicators of kidney function, while serum potassium levels are monitored due to electrolyte imbalances commonly seen in kidney disease, but they do not directly reflect the effectiveness of epoetin alfa.
Question 5 of 5
An unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) reports to the nurse that a client with a postoperative wound infection has a temperature of 103.8°F, blood pressure 90/70, pulse 124 beats/min, and respirations of 28 breaths/min. When the nurse assesses the client's findings, they include a mottled skin appearance and confusion. Which action should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take first is to initiate an infusion of intravenous (IV) fluids. In this scenario, the client is showing signs of sepsis, indicated by a high temperature, low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and increased respiratory rate. Mottled skin appearance and confusion are also signs of poor perfusion. Initiating IV fluids is crucial in treating sepsis to maintain blood pressure and perfusion. Obtaining a wound specimen for culture (
Choice
A) can be important but is not the priority at this moment. Transferring the client to the ICU (
Choice
C) can be considered after stabilizing the client. Assessing the client's core temperature (
Choice
D) is not the immediate priority compared to addressing the signs of sepsis and poor perfusion.