Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in populations.
Choice A is incorrect because epidemiology focuses on more than just causes but also on distribution and determinants.
Choice C is incorrect as it specifically relates to public health and not just treatment and prevention.
Choice D is incorrect as epidemiology is broader than just focusing on the healthcare system and its effectiveness.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A rapid weight gain of 2 pounds or more in a 48-hour period may indicate fluid retention and worsening heart failure, requiring prompt medical evaluation and intervention. This finding is crucial in managing chronic congestive heart failure as it signifies a potential exacerbation of the condition.

Choices B, C, and D are less concerning in this context. Urinating 4 to 5 times a day is within the normal range for most individuals and may not be directly related to heart failure. A significant decrease in appetite may be due to various factors and might not be an immediate cause for concern in heart failure patients. The appearance of non-pitting ankle edema, although related to heart failure, is a more chronic and less urgent symptom when compared to a rapid weight gain, which requires immediate attention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Referring the student for further evaluation of scoliosis is crucial to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate management plan. Sending the student home (choice
A) without proper assessment and intervention is not the best course of action. Withdrawing the student from all physical activities (choice
C) is not necessary and may cause unnecessary distress. Instructing the student not to carry her backpack on her back (choice
D) does not address the underlying issue of scoliosis and is not the most important intervention at this point.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. During the age of 2 to 3 years old, children tend to eat very small, nutritious meals throughout the day rather than having three large meals. This behavior is typical for this age group as their appetites fluctuate.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while children of this age may start to prefer feeding themselves and begin using a toothbrush with assistance, they typically do not speak in longer sentences at this stage.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: health promotion. Health promotion activities involve maintaining a healthy lifestyle to prevent illness. In this scenario, the person is actively engaging in behaviors that promote their overall health and well-being, such as walking and following a healthy diet.
Choice A, 'health balance,' is vague and does not specifically address the proactive nature of the person's actions.
Choice B, 'disease prevention,' while related, focuses more on specific actions taken to prevent diseases rather than the broader concept of promoting overall health.
Choice D, 'self-fulfillment,' does not directly relate to the activities described in the question.