Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a parent expresses concerns about their child's sleep pattern, providing education on sleep hygiene is a beneficial response. Teaching parents about establishing a consistent sleep routine, creating a conducive sleep environment, and promoting healthy sleep habits can help address the child's sleep issues. This empowers the parent to make positive changes that can improve the child's sleep patterns. Recommending a sleep study (
Choice
A) may be premature and unnecessary without first addressing basic sleep hygiene. Suggesting increasing daytime naps (
Choice
B) may not always be appropriate and could further disrupt the child's nighttime sleep. Advising on medication use (
Choice
D) should be considered only after other non-pharmacological approaches have been tried and if deemed necessary by a healthcare provider.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: For a child with cystic fibrosis, an important dietary consideration is a high-calorie, high-fat diet. This type of diet helps address malabsorption issues commonly seen in individuals with cystic fibrosis and supports adequate growth and development. High-calorie, high-fat foods are recommended to help meet the increased energy needs of these individuals.

Choices B, C, and D are not the most appropriate dietary considerations for a child with cystic fibrosis. A low-sugar diet may not provide enough calories for optimal growth, increased dietary fiber may exacerbate issues related to malabsorption, and a high-sodium diet is generally not recommended due to the risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances in individuals with cystic fibrosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nutrigenomics is the study of how diet affects gene expression, influencing health outcomes and disease risk. Epigenetics (choice
A) involves changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence. Genomics (choice
C) is the study of an organism's entire genome. Genetics (choice
D) is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Adherence to prescribed anticonvulsant medication is crucial when caring for a child with epilepsy. It is essential for managing the condition effectively and reducing the frequency of seizures.
Choice B is incorrect because exercise, when done safely and under supervision, can be beneficial for children with epilepsy by promoting overall health.
Choice C is incorrect as social interactions are important for the child's emotional well-being and should not be limited.
Choice D is incorrect as increasing dietary caffeine intake can potentially trigger seizures in some individuals with epilepsy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cognitive impairment. In infants with hypothyroidism, prompt administration of oral thyroid hormone replacement is crucial to prevent cognitive impairment and other serious complications. Excessive growth (choice
A) is not a typical complication of hypothyroidism in infants. While hypothyroidism can affect the nervous system (choice
C), cognitive impairment is more specific to untreated cases. Damage to the urinary system (choice
D) is not a common complication of hypothyroidism in infants.