HESI Leadership and Management Test Bank

Question 1 of 5

A nurse is caring for a client who is unconscious and whose partner is their health care surrogate. The partner wishes to discontinue the client's feeding tube, but another family member tells the nurse that they want the client to continue receiving treatment. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

A. You should contact the provider about your wishes for your family member. B. We'll need to have the nursing supervisor review the client's advance directives. C. You should speak with the facility's ethics committee about your concerns. D. As the health care surrogate, the client's partner can make this decision.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct response is D because the health care surrogate, as designated by the client, has the legal authority to make healthcare decisions on behalf of the client when they are unable to do so. This authority includes decisions about treatment continuation or withdrawal. Option A is incorrect as the family member's wishes do not override the legal authority of the health care surrogate. Option B is not the most appropriate action in this situation as the advance directives are already clear by the designation of a health care surrogate. Option C is not necessary at this stage since the health care surrogate can make the decision without involving the ethics committee.

Question 2 of 5

Which of the following is a benefit of the U.S. health-care system?

A. With cost savings from technology, more Americans now have health-care insurance. B. Quality of care has improved in the United States. C. Care in the United States has shifted to a prevention focus rather than an illness focus. D. The use of technology is projected to decrease health-care costs and improve clinical outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the use of technology and electronic health records is projected to decrease health-care costs and improve clinical outcomes, quality, and safety.
Choice A is incorrect because it states that very few Americans have no health-care insurance, which is not a benefit of the U.S. health-care system.
Choice B may be true, but it does not directly address a benefit of the health-care system.
Choice C is not necessarily a benefit but rather a shift in focus, so it is also incorrect.

Question 3 of 5

Which of the following chronic complications is associated with diabetes?

A. Dizziness, dyspnea on exertion, and coronary artery disease. B. Retinopathy, neuropathy, and coronary artery disease. C. Leg ulcers, cerebral ischemic events, and pulmonary infarcts. D. Fatigue, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, and cardiac arrhythmias.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Diabetes is associated with chronic complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and coronary artery disease.
Choice A includes symptoms rather than chronic complications of diabetes.
Choice C lists conditions not typically associated with diabetes.
Choice D describes symptoms that may occur in various medical conditions but are not specific chronic complications of diabetes.

Question 4 of 5

Although there is projected to be a small surplus of nurses by 2030, some states will continue to see nursing shortages. Which of the following is the best explanation for this situation?

A. Healthcare legislation that impacts nursing salaries in some states B. Workforce availability C. Aging of the baby boomers, resulting in a younger nursing workforce D. Population declines

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best explanation for the continued nursing shortages in some states despite an overall projected surplus by 2030 is workforce availability. This factor directly impacts the number of nurses available in certain regions.
Choice A about healthcare legislation affecting nursing salaries does not directly address the availability of nurses.
Choice C is incorrect as the aging of the baby boomers would typically imply an older nursing workforce instead of a younger one.
Choice D regarding population declines does not necessarily relate to the availability of nurses in specific states.

Question 5 of 5

Which anatomic malformations are associated with Tetralogy of Fallot?

A. A sub-aortic septal defect, an overriding aorta, left ventricular hypertrophy, and right ventricular outflow B. A sub-aortic septal defect, an overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, and left ventricular outflow C. A sub-aortic septal defect, an overriding aorta, pulmonary atresia, and right ventricular outflow D. A sub-aortic septal defect, an overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, and right ventricular outflow

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by a combination of four heart defects: a sub-aortic septal defect, an overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, and right ventricular outflow obstruction. This leads to mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood, resulting in cyanosis.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the specific combination of anatomic malformations seen in Tetralogy of Fallot.

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HESI LPN