HESI PN Nutrition Practice Exam - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitoring electrolyte levels. In the management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, it is crucial to monitor electrolyte levels to prevent imbalances and related complications. Restricting physical activity (choice
B) is not a typical aspect of care for this condition. Administering high doses of vitamin A (choice
C) is not a standard treatment for congenital adrenal hyperplasia and can be harmful in excess. Providing a high-protein diet (choice
D) may be beneficial for some conditions but is not a specific requirement for managing congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Vitamins are organic compounds, containing carbon, which is a key characteristic that differentiates them from minerals.
Choice B is incorrect because vitamins do not provide energy; they are not a source of calories.
Choice C is incorrect as both vitamins and minerals are considered micronutrients due to being essential in small amounts.
Choice D is incorrect because while it is true that vitamins are needed in small amounts, this is not the characteristic that sets them apart from minerals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When dealing with a child newly diagnosed with ADHD, providing behavioral therapy and support is crucial. This approach helps the child learn coping strategies, improve social skills, and manage their symptoms effectively.
Choice B, increasing sugar intake, is incorrect as there is no evidence linking sugar consumption to ADHD.
Choice C, restricting all forms of exercise, is inappropriate as regular physical activity can actually benefit children with ADHD by helping them release excess energy and improve focus.
Choice D, avoiding medication use, may not be the best course of action as medication prescribed by a healthcare professional can sometimes be beneficial in managing ADHD symptoms when combined with other therapies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In sickle cell anemia, pain is primarily caused by the obstruction of blood flow by sickle-shaped cells. This obstruction leads to inadequate oxygen supply to tissues, resulting in tissue damage and pain.
Choice A, inflammation of the vessels, is incorrect as it is not the primary cause of pain in sickle cell anemia.
Choice C, overhydration, is unrelated to the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia and would not lead to the characteristic pain experienced.
Choice D, stress-related headaches, is also unrelated to the underlying mechanisms of pain in sickle cell anemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Observing the nonverbal child's facial expressions and body movements is crucial in assessing pain. Nonverbal children may not be able to communicate their discomfort verbally, making it essential to rely on physical cues. Asking parents about the child's usual behavior (choice
A) may provide some insight but observing the child directly is more direct and reliable. Measuring blood pressure (choice
C) is not typically a direct method for assessing pain in nonverbal children. Using a pain rating scale designed for older children (choice
D) is also inappropriate for nonverbal children who cannot participate in such self-reporting tools.