HESI LPN
Pediatrics HESI 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is teaching the parents of a 1-month-old girl with Down syndrome how to maintain good health for the child. Which instruction would the nurse be least likely to include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. While special dietary needs may be important for a child with Down syndrome, they are typically not the primary concern for a 1-month-old. The nurse would be least likely to focus on this aspect as immediate issues such as monitoring for congenital heart defects (echocardiogram), cervical spine abnormalities (radiographs), and respiratory infections are more critical in the early months. Adhering to dietary needs is important, but it is usually addressed as the child grows older and is not the priority during the infant stage.
Question 2 of 5
Which best describes a full-thickness (third-degree) burn?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Full-thickness burns involve the destruction of all layers of skin, extending into the subcutaneous tissue. This type of burn causes severe damage and loss of sensation due to nerve destruction.
Choice A, erythema and pain, describes superficial burns (first-degree).
Choice B, skin showing erythema followed by blister formation, describes partial-thickness burns (second-degree).
Choice D, destruction injury involving underlying structures such as muscle, fascia, and bone, goes beyond the description of full-thickness burns.
Question 3 of 5
A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with a suspected fracture. What is the priority nursing action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The priority nursing action when a child with a suspected fracture is brought to the emergency department is to immobilize the affected limb. Immobilization helps prevent further injury until a fracture is confirmed or ruled out. Applying ice or elevating the limb can wait until after immobilization has been achieved. Checking the child's neurovascular status is important but is not the priority action in this situation.
Question 4 of 5
A child with a diagnosis of leukemia is receiving chemotherapy. What is the most important nursing intervention?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor for signs of infection. When a child is undergoing chemotherapy, their immune system is compromised, making them more susceptible to infections. Monitoring for signs of infection is crucial to promptly identify and treat any potential infections.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because although monitoring for bleeding, dehydration, and pain are important aspects of care, the priority for a child receiving chemotherapy is to prevent and detect infections due to their increased vulnerability.
Question 5 of 5
A 6-year-old with muscular dystrophy was recently injured falling out of bed at home. What intervention should the nurse suggest to prevent further injury?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate intervention to prevent further injury is to raise the bed's side rails when a caregiver is not present. This measure helps in preventing falls without the need for constant supervision.
Choice B is not practical as continuous caregiver presence may not always be feasible.
Choice C is unsafe as loose restraints can pose a strangulation risk.
Choice D does not address the need for intervention when a caregiver is absent, potentially leading to an increased risk of falls.