Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A spiral fracture is a type of fracture often associated with twisting injuries and can raise suspicion of child abuse. This type of fracture is caused by a twisting force applied to a bone. Plastic deformity is not typically associated with fractures but refers to the ability of a material to change shape and retain that shape. A buckle fracture, also known as a torus fracture, is an incomplete break in a bone commonly seen in children. A greenstick fracture is an incomplete fracture where the bone is bent and partially broken, more commonly seen in children due to their bone flexibility.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to limit screen time when preventing childhood obesity. Excessive screen time is associated with a sedentary lifestyle and can lead to increased consumption of unhealthy foods. Encouraging high-calorie snacks (choice
A) contradicts the goal of preventing obesity. While fast food as an occasional treat (choice
C) can be acceptable in moderation, it should not be encouraged as a preventive measure against obesity. Allowing the child to eat freely (choice
D) without guidance can lead to overconsumption of unhealthy foods and contribute to obesity risk.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary purpose of a lumbar puncture is to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for analysis. This sample helps in diagnosing conditions such as meningitis by evaluating the presence of pathogens or abnormalities in the cerebrospinal fluid. Measuring the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (
Choice
A) is not the main objective of a lumbar puncture, although it can be done during the procedure. Relieving intracranial pressure (
Choice
C) is not the direct purpose of a lumbar puncture, as other interventions are typically used for this purpose. Assessing the presence of infection in the spinal fluid (
Choice
D) is related to the overall goal of obtaining a sample for analysis, making it a secondary outcome of the procedure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'It is a connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta.' Patent ductus arteriosus (PD
A) is an abnormal connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, which normally closes after birth.

Choices A, B, and C describe different cardiac conditions and do not accurately define PDA.
Choice A is incorrect because PDA does not involve the diameter of the aorta being enlarged.
Choice B is incorrect because PDA does not involve the wall between the right and left ventricles being open.
Choice C is incorrect because PDA is not a narrowing of the entrance to the pulmonary artery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In atopic dermatitis, the characteristic presentation includes a dry, red, scaly rash with lichenification. This appearance is due to chronic inflammation and scratching.
Choice A is incorrect as erythematous papulovesicular rash is more indicative of conditions like contact dermatitis.
Choice C is incorrect as pustular vesicles with honey-colored exudates are seen in impetigo.
Choice D is incorrect as hypopigmented oval scaly lesions are more characteristic of tinea versicolor.