HESI LPN
Medical Surgical Assignment Exam HESI Questions
Question 1 of 5
The mother of a child with acute laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) asks why her child must be kept NPO. Which response would be the most correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because rapid respirations predispose to aspiration in a child with acute laryngotracheobronchitis.
Choice A is incorrect because epinephrine does not directly relate to the need for NPO status.
Choice B is incorrect as hydration with IV fluids is not the primary reason for keeping the child NPO.
Choice C is incorrect as the child being hungry is not the main concern when keeping a child NPO in this situation.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is triaging clients who have been injured during a tornado. Which client requires immediate action?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The middle-aged female with a broken humerus who is unable to follow commands and is crying requires immediate action. These symptoms indicate a possible head injury or severe emotional distress that need urgent attention.
Choice A is not as urgent since a minor laceration can be addressed after more critical cases.
Choice B, although having a dislocated shoulder, is stable, as the client is calm.
Choice D presents with minor injuries that can wait while more critical cases are addressed.
Question 3 of 5
A client with AIDS has impaired gas exchange from a respiratory infection. Which assessment finding warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a client with AIDS and impaired gas exchange from a respiratory infection, pain when swallowing can indicate esophageal involvement, such as esophagitis or an esophageal infection like candidiasis. These conditions can significantly impact the client's ability to take in nutrition and medications, leading to complications like dehydration and malnutrition.
Therefore, immediate intervention is required to address the underlying cause and prevent further complications. Elevated temperature (choice
A) may indicate infection but does not directly address the impaired gas exchange. Generalized weakness (choice
B) and diminished lung sounds (choice
C) are concerning but do not directly relate to the immediate need for intervention in the context of esophageal involvement in a client with impaired gas exchange.
Question 4 of 5
A woman with chronic osteoarthritis is complaining of knee pain. Which pathophysiological process is contributing to her pain?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. In osteoarthritis, the breakdown of cartilage in the joints leads to chondrocyte injury, which results in the destruction of joint cartilage and the production of osteophytes. This process causes joint inflammation and pain.
Choice A is incorrect because osteoarthritis primarily involves the articular cartilage rather than the synovial membrane.
Choice B is incorrect as it describes the degeneration of cartilage but does not explain the specific pathophysiological process contributing to pain in osteoarthritis.
Choice D is incorrect as the formation of uric acid crystals is characteristic of gout, not osteoarthritis.
Question 5 of 5
An adolescent female asks the nurse about taking retinoic acid (Accutane). What guidance should be provided by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct guidance the nurse should provide is that sexually active females must use contraception while taking Accutane and for 1 month after the 20 weeks it is prescribed.
Choice A is incorrect because Accutane is typically taken for a longer duration than 10 weeks.
Choice C is incorrect because Accutane does not lower hemoglobin levels quickly.
Choice D is incorrect as Accutane is known for having many side effects, including the risk of birth defects.