Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dry skin and constipation are typical signs of hypothyroidism in children. Hypothyroidism results from an underactive thyroid gland, leading to symptoms such as dry skin and constipation. Weight loss (
Choice
A) is more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, where the thyroid gland is overactive. Increased heart rate (
Choice
B) and elevated blood pressure (
Choice
D) are also more characteristic of hyperthyroidism rather than hypothyroidism.
Therefore, the correct answer is dry skin and constipation (
Choice
C) when identifying signs of hypothyroidism in children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a parent expresses concerns about their child's recurrent ear infections, the best course of action is to recommend a thorough evaluation by an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist. This specialist can conduct a comprehensive assessment to identify the underlying cause of the ear infections and provide appropriate treatment options.
Choice A is incorrect because suggesting over-the-counter ear drops without a proper evaluation may not address the root cause of the issue.
Choice C is also incorrect as increasing antibiotic use without understanding the specific cause can lead to antibiotic resistance and may not be necessary.
Choice D is incorrect as avoiding physical activities is unrelated to addressing recurrent ear infections and is not a recommended approach.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The main purpose of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) is to provide guidelines for nutrient intakes that meet the needs of most healthy people.
Choice B is incorrect because RDAs aim beyond just survival requirements.
Choice C is incorrect because establishing maximum safe levels is the role of
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs).
Choice D is incorrect because preventing chronic diseases is more associated with Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) like Adequate Intakes (AIs) and
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs).
Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Limited abduction of the hip is a common sign of developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants. It indicates possible hip dislocation or instability, making it a key clinical manifestation to assess for DDH. Dislocated patella (
Choice
A) is not typically associated with DDH. Swelling of the knee (
Choice
C) and hyperextension of the leg (
Choice
D) are not specific signs linked to DDH in infants, further supporting why they are incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, essential nutrient. Essential nutrients are substances that the body needs for normal functioning but cannot produce in sufficient amounts, so they must be obtained through the diet. Nutraceuticals (choice
A) are products derived from food sources that are purported to provide extra health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Metabolic nutrients (choice
B) and organic nutrients (choice
C) are not standard terms used to describe nutrients needed by the body.
Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.