HESI LPN
Adult Health Exam 1 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The client with hypertension is being taught about lifestyle changes. Which recommendation is most important to include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Engaging in regular physical activity is crucial for managing hypertension as it helps lower blood pressure. Regular exercise can improve heart health, increase circulation, and contribute to overall well-being, all of which are beneficial for individuals with hypertension.
Choice A, increasing sodium intake, is incorrect as reducing sodium is recommended for hypertension to help lower blood pressure.
Choice C, consuming a diet high in saturated fats, is incorrect as a diet high in saturated fats can negatively impact blood pressure and cardiovascular health.
Choice D, limiting fluid intake, is incorrect as maintaining adequate hydration is important for overall health and not directly related to hypertension management.
Question 2 of 5
A client reports pain after medication administration. What is the next best step for the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to reassess the client's pain. Reassessment is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of the initial intervention. By reassessing, the nurse can determine if the current pain management plan is adequate or if further interventions are required. Increasing the pain medication dose without reassessment can lead to overmedication and potential adverse effects. Applying a cold compress may not address the underlying cause of the pain and should be based on a proper assessment. Contacting the healthcare provider should be considered if the reassessment indicates a need for further evaluation or intervention beyond the nurse's scope of practice.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to a 6-month-old infant. Which site is most appropriate for this injection?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The vastus lateralis muscle is the preferred site for intramuscular injections in infants due to its size and safety. The deltoid muscle is typically used for adults and older children. The ventrogluteal muscle is more commonly used in toddlers and older children. The dorsogluteal muscle is not recommended for intramuscular injections in any age group due to its proximity to major nerves and blood vessels, which poses a risk of injury or sciatic nerve damage.
Question 4 of 5
A client with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed methotrexate. What is the primary action of this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Methotrexate is an immunosuppressant that works by suppressing the immune system, thereby reducing inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Methotrexate does not directly increase joint lubrication (
Choice
A) as its primary action is on the immune system.
Choices C and D are incorrect since methotrexate does not enhance bone density or stimulate cartilage regeneration. It is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the mechanism of action of medications to provide safe and effective care to patients.
Question 5 of 5
What is the most important information the nurse should teach a diabetic client about foot care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to inspect feet daily. For diabetic clients, daily foot inspection is crucial in preventing complications like infections and ulcers. By checking their feet regularly, clients can identify any issues early and seek appropriate medical care. The other choices are important aspects of foot care for diabetic clients but not as critical as daily foot inspections. Wearing cotton socks helps in moisture control, using lukewarm water to wash feet helps prevent skin damage, and cutting nails straight across prevents ingrown nails. However, daily foot inspection is the most vital as it allows for early detection of any potential problems, which is key in diabetic foot care.