NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Exam Questions Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is the best indicator of the diagnosis of HIV?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Western blot is the confirmatory test for HIV diagnosis, detecting specific antibodies with high specificity. ELISA is a screening test, while WBC and CBC are non-specific and not diagnostic for HIV.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer a dose of vancomycin (Vancocin) IV. Which assessment is most important before administration?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vancomycin is nephrotoxic, so renal function tests (e.g., creatinine) are critical before administration to prevent kidney damage. Liver tests, WBC, and platelets are less directly related.
Question 3 of 5
A 48-hour-old male infant is ordered to have phototherapy. When his mother questions the nurse about its purpose, the nurse explains that phototherapy:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The instillation of erythromycin ophthalmic preparation, not phototherapy, prevents ophthalmia neonatorum. The administration of vitamin K (AquaMEPHYTON) assists the infant's clotting mechanism. Excessive bilirubin accumulates when the infant's liver cannot handle the increased load caused by the breakdown of red blood cells postnatally. This excessive bilirubin seeps out of the blood and into the tissues, staining them yellow. Phototherapy accelerates the removal of bilirubin from the skin by breaking it down into substances that can be excreted in stool or urine. Phototherapy decreases levels of unconjugated bilirubin, thereby preventing kernicterus.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is planning dietary changes for a client following an episode of acute pancreatitis. Which diet is suitable for the client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A high-calorie, low-fat diet supports recovery from pancreatitis by reducing pancreatic stimulation while meeting energy needs. High-fat diets exacerbate symptoms, and low-calorie diets are inadequate.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client taking naltrexone (Revia). The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which over-the-counter medication:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Naltrexone, used for opioid or alcohol dependence, can interact with cold medicines containing dextromethorphan, which may have opioid-like effects, reducing naltrexone’s efficacy. Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and antihistamines do not have significant interactions.