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Question 1 of 5

The nurse is preparing to collect a sputum specimen from the client suspected of having tuberculosis. What is the correct method for obtaining a sputum specimen?

Correct Answer: A, B, C, D

Rationale: Morning collection (
A) yieldsthough sputum is most concentrated. Three consecutive days (
B) ensure reliable tuberculosis diagnosis. Immediate transport (
C) prevents degradation. Mouth care (
D) maintains hygiene. Antiseptic rinse (E) may kill bacteria, invalidating the sample.

Question 2 of 5

A client with sickle cell disease is admitted in active labor. Which nursing intervention would be most helpful in preventing a sickling crisis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: IV fluids at 200 mL/hr prevent dehydration, a trigger for sickling crises, by maintaining hydration and blood flow. BP monitoring (
A), pain medication (
B), and ABGs (
C) are supportive but less directly preventive.

Question 3 of 5

Several months after antibiotic therapy, a child is readmitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of osteomyelitis, which is now in the chronic stage. The mother appears anxious and asks what she could have done to prevent the exacerbation. The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that chronic osteomyelitis:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Areas of sequestrum may be surrounded by dense bone, become honeycombed with sinuses, and retain infectious organisms for a long time, leading to chronic osteomyelitis exacerbation.

Question 4 of 5

The nurse is teaching a 10-year-old insulin-dependent diabetic how to administer insulin. Which one of the following steps must be taught for insulin administration?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sites for injection need to be rotated, including abdominal sites, to enhance insulin absorption. The pinch technique is the most effective method for obtaining skin tightness to allow easy entrance of the needle to subcutaneous tissues. Massaging the site of injection facilitates absorption of the insulin. Changing the needle will break the sterility of the system. It has become acceptable practice to reuse disposable needles and syringes for 3-7 days.

Question 5 of 5

The client with a history of gout is prescribed allopurinol (Zyloprim). The nurse should instruct the client to:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Allopurinol reduces uric acid production, and taking it with a full glass of water promotes excretion of uric acid, preventing kidney stones. Fluid restriction is harmful, calcium is not restricted, and it can be taken with food.

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A client has consented to have a central venous catheter placed. The best position in which to place the client is the Trendelenburg position. The reason is that the Trendelenburg position:
The nurse is assessing breath sounds in a bronchovesicular client. She should expect that:

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