NCLEX Questions, NCLEX RN Predictor Exam Questions, NCLEX-RN

Extract:

Question 1 of 5

The nurse is caring for a client with leukemia who has received the drug Daunorubicin (Cerubidine). Which of the following common side effects would cause the most concern?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cardiotoxicity, a serious side effect of Daunorubicin, can lead to heart failure and requires immediate attention. Nausea (
A), vomiting (
B), and alopecia (
D) are common but less life-threatening.

Question 2 of 5

A 44-year-old female client is receiving external radiation to her scapula for metastasis of breast cancer. Teaching related to skin care for the client would include which of the following?

A. Teach her to completely clean the skin to remove all ointments and markings after each treatment. B. Teach her to cover broken skin in the treated area with a medicated ointment. C. Encourage her to wear a tight-fitting vest to support her scapula. D. Encourage her to avoid direct sunlight on the area being treated.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The skin in a treatment area should be rinsed with water and patted dry. Markings should be left intact, and the skin should not be scrubbed. Clients should avoid putting any creams or lotions on the treated area. This could interfere with treatment. Radiation therapy clients should wear loose-fitting clothes and avoid tight, irritating fabrics. The area of skin being treated is sensitive to sunlight, and the client should take care to prevent sun damage by avoiding direct sunlight and covering the area when she is in the sun.

Question 3 of 5

A 47-year-old male client is admitted for colon surgery. Intravenous antibiotics are begun 2 hours prior to surgery. He has no known infection. The rationale for giving antibiotics prior to surgery is to:

A. Provide cathartic action within the colon B. Reduce the risk of wound infection from anaerobic bacteria C. Relieve the client's concern regarding possible infection D. Reduce the risk of intraoperative fever

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cathartic drugs promote evacuation of intestinal contents. The client undergoing intestinal surgery is at increased risk for infection from large numbers of anaerobic bacteria that inhabit the intestines. Administering antibiotics prophylactically can reduce the client's risk for infection. Antibiotics are indicated in the treatment of infections and have no effect on emotions. Antipyretics are useful in the treatment of elevated temperatures. Antibiotics would have an effect on infection, which causes temperature elevation, but would not directly affect such an elevation.

Question 4 of 5

Endotracheal tube cuff pressure should never exceed:

A. 10 mm Hg B. 20 mm Hg C. 45 mm Hg D. 60 mm Hg

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pressure in the endotracheal tube cuff should never exceed 20 mm Hg, because higher pressure places the client at risk for tracheal erosion.

Question 5 of 5

Which of the following would indicate the need for further teaching for the client with COPD? The client verbalizes the need to:

A. Eat high-calorie, high-protein foods B. Take vitamin supplementation C. Eliminate intake of milk and milk products D. Eat small, frequent meals

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Protein is vital for the maintenance of muscle to aid in breathing. A high-calorie diet using higher fat than carbohydrate content is given because clients are unable to breathe off the excess CO2 that is an end product of carbohydrate metabolism. Inadequate nutritional status, in particular, deficiencies in vitamins A and C, decreases resistance to infection. Milk does not make mucus thicker. It may coat the back of the throat and make it feel thicker. Rinsing the mouth with water after drinking milk will prevent this problem. Small, frequent meals minimize a fullness sensation and reduce pressure on the diaphragm. The work of breathing and SOB are also reduced.