NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Predictor Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Assessment of the client's skin reveals numerous café au lait spots over the trunk. These changes are associated with which diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Café au lait spots are characteristic of neurofibromatosis a genetic disorder affecting nerve tissue. They are not associated with polycythemia vera thalassemia major or acoustic neuroma.
Question 2 of 5
A client is being treated for cancer with linear acceleration radiation. The physician has marked the radiation site with a blue marking pen. The nurse should:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Radiation site markings must be preserved for accurate treatment. Soap, lotion, or other substances can remove markings, so they should be avoided. Covering or powdering is unnecessary.
Question 3 of 5
A 68-year-old man was recently diagnosed with endstage renal disease. He has not yet begun dialysis but is experiencing severe anemia with associated symptoms of dyspnea on exertion and chest pain. Which statement best describes the management of anemia in renal failure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clients in renal failure typically have very low hematocrits, often in the range of 16-22%. Transfusion is avoided unless the client exhibits acute symptoms such as dyspnea, chest pain, tachycardia, and extreme fatigue. When the client is given a transfusion, the bone marrow adjusts by producing less red blood cells. Anemia in renal failure is caused primarily by decreased erythropoietin. Low serum iron and ferritin may aggravate the anemia and require treatment. Decreased secretion of erythropoietin by the kidney is the primary cause of anemia. The bone marrow requires this hormone to mature red blood cells. Treatment is with replacement therapy.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is assessing a client with suspected preeclampsia. Which finding is most indicative of this condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Proteinuria is a hallmark of preeclampsia, reflecting renal involvement due to endothelial damage. Hypertension (not hypotension), weight gain, and oliguria (not polyuria) are also common.
Question 5 of 5
A pregnant client is having a nonstress test (NST). It is noted that the fetal heart beat rises 20 bpm, lasting 20 seconds, every time the fetus moves. The nurse explains that:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The test results were normal, so there would be no need to repeat to determine results. There are no data to indicate further tests are needed, because the result of the NST was normal. An NST is reported as reactive if there are two to three increases in the fetal heart rate of 15 bpm, lasting at least 15 seconds during a 15-minute period. The NST results were normal, so there was no fetal distress.