NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Exam Questions Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client with IDDM is given IV insulin for a blood glucose level of 520 mg/dL. Life-threatening complications may occur initially, so the nurse will monitor him closely for serum:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When diabetic ketoacidosis exists, intracellular dehydration occurs and potassium leaves the cells and enters the vascular system, thus increasing the serum level beyond an acceptable range. When insulin and fluids are administered, cell walls are repaired and potassium is transported back into the cells. Normal serum potassium levels range from 3.5-5.0 mEq/L.
Question 2 of 5
A client with a history of a hiatal hernia is being taught about lifestyle modifications. The nurse should encourage the client to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces abdominal pressure, alleviating hiatal hernia symptoms. Large meals, flat sleeping, and caffeine worsen reflux.
Question 3 of 5
A client with IDDM is given IV insulin for a blood glucose level of 520 mg/dL. Life-threatening complications may occur initially, so the nurse will monitor him closely for serum:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When diabetic ketoacidosis exists, intracellular dehydration occurs and potassium leaves the cells and enters the vascular system, thus increasing the serum level beyond an acceptable range. When insulin and fluids are administered, cell walls are repaired and potassium is transported back into the cells. Normal serum potassium levels range from 3.5-5.0 mEq/L.
Question 4 of 5
A 16-year-old student has a long history of bronchial asthma and has experienced several severe asthmatic attacks during the school year. The school nurse is required to administer 0.2 mL of 1/1000 solution of epinephrine SC during an asthma attack. How does the school nurse evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A side effect of epinephrine is fatal ventricular fibrillation owing to its effects on cardiac stimulation. Medications used to treat asthma are designed to decrease bronchospasm, not to increase expectorate of secretions. Epinephrine decreased inspiratory difficulty by stimulating α-, β1, and β2-receptors causing sympathomimetic stimulation (e.g., bronchodilation). The person with asthma fights to inspire sufficient air thus increasing respiratory rate.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse has performed discharge teaching to a client in need of a high-iron diet. The nurse recognizes that teaching has been effective when the client selects which meal plan?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A high-iron diet includes iron-rich foods like veal and spinach. Sliced veal, spinach salad, and whole-wheat roll (
B) are optimal. Other options lack significant iron sources.