NCLEX-RN
NCLEX-RN Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client is admitted to the hospital in chronic renal failure. A low protein diet is ordered. The rationale for a low protein diet is that:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In chronic renal failure, a low protein diet reduces the production of nitrogenous wastes like blood urea nitrogen (BUN), easing the kidneys’ workload. It does not directly affect sodium, potassium, albumin, calcium, or phosphorus levels.
Question 2 of 5
A client is started on prednisone 2.5 mg po bid. Which of the following instructions should be included in her discharge teaching specific to this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fluid retention is a side effect of prednisone. The nurse should teach clients to weigh themselves daily and to observe for signs of edema. If these signs of fluid retention occur, they should notify the physician. Prednisone, a glucocorticoid, suppresses the normal immune response making the client more susceptible to infections. An increase in bleeding tendencies is a side effect of prednisone therapy. The nurse should teach clients to use preventive measures (i.e., electric razors and soft toothbrushes). Depression and personality changes are side effects of prednisone therapy. Prednisone should never be discontinued abruptly.
Question 3 of 5
The healthcare team determines that an elderly client has had progressive changes in memory over the last 2 years that have interfered with her personal, social, or occupational functioning. Her memory, learning, attention, and judgment have all been affected in some way. These symptoms describe which of the following conditions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These changes are common characteristics of dementia.
Question 4 of 5
A client with a history of peptic ulcer disease is admitted with complaints of hematemesis. The nurse should give priority to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hematemesis indicates possible gastrointestinal bleeding, so monitoring vital signs is critical to assess for hypovolemia and shock.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a colostomy. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A significantly protruding stoma may indicate prolapse, a complication requiring immediate intervention to prevent ischemia or obstruction. Pink stoma, cramping, and liquid stool are normal or less urgent.