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Question 1 of 5

A 26-year-old male client is brought by his wife to the emergency department (ED) unconscious. Blood is drawn for a stat blood count (CBC), fasting blood sugar level, and electrolytes. An indwelling urinary catheter is inserted. He has a history of type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM]). A diagnosis of ketoacidosis is made. Stat lab values reveal a blood sugar level of 520 mg/dL. Which of the following should the nurse expect to administer in the ER?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Regular insulin is the fastest acting-insulin; when given IV, it will immediately act to decrease blood sugar. Regular insulin is given to decrease blood glucose levels by promoting metabolism of glucose, inhibiting lipolysis and formation of ketone bodies.

Question 2 of 5

The client is diagnosed with a pleural effusion. Which intervention should the nurse anticipate?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Thoracentesis is used to remove fluid from a pleural effusion, relieving respiratory distress. Chest tubes are for pneumothorax or persistent effusions, bronchoscopy is diagnostic, and nebulizers are irrelevant.

Question 3 of 5

The nurse is removing a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). The nurse should position the patient in which position?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Trendelenburg position (head down) is used when removing a PICC line to reduce the risk of air embolism by increasing venous pressure. Fowler’s, right, or left side-lying positions do not provide this protection.

Question 4 of 5

A type I diabetic client is diagnosed with cellulitis in his right lower extremity. The nurse would expect which of the following to be present in relation to his blood sugar level?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hyperglycemia occurs due to glucose production in response to the stress and illness of cellulitis.

Question 5 of 5

The nurse is caring for a client with a closed head injury. Which intervention is most important to prevent increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed 30–45 degrees promotes venous drainage, reducing ICP. Acetaminophen (
B), oral care (
C), and breathing exercises (
D) are supportive but less critical for ICP control.

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