NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Exam Prep Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Who is legally able to make decisions for the patient or resident during a patient care conference when the patient is not mentally able to make decisions on their own?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a patient is unable to make decisions due to mental incapacity, the healthcare proxy, designated by the patient in advance, has the legal authority to make decisions on the patient's behalf. In this situation, the patient lacks the capacity to make decisions independently. The healthcare proxy's role is to represent the patient's wishes and best interests. The doctor's role in a patient care conference is to provide medical expertise, offer recommendations, and assist in the decision-making process, but the final decision-making authority lies with the healthcare proxy, not the doctor.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is classified as a prerenal condition that affects urinary elimination?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A prerenal condition is one that causes reduced urinary elimination by affecting the blood flow to the kidneys. Pericardial tamponade is a condition that impacts the heart's ability to pump sufficient blood, leading to decreased blood flow to vital organs such as the kidneys. This reduction in blood flow to the kidneys can result in decreased urine production. The other choices, such as nephrotoxic medications, neurogenic bladder, and polycystic kidney disease, do not primarily affect the blood flow to the kidneys and are not classified as prerenal conditions that impact urinary elimination.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to insert a small-bore nasogastric feeding tube for a client's enteral feedings. In which method does the nurse measure the correct length of the tube?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When preparing to insert a nasogastric tube, the nurse must measure the correct length to ensure that the end of the tube will be in the correct position in the stomach. The accurate method to measure the length is from the tip of the nose to the earlobe to the xiphoid process. This length ensures that the end of the tube reaches the stomach, avoiding placement in the small intestine or esophagus.
Choice A is incorrect as it does not include the earlobe, which is essential for accurate measurement.
Choice C is incorrect because measuring from the earlobe alone does not provide the correct length for positioning in the stomach.
Choice D is incorrect as it includes the umbilicus, which is not the appropriate landmark for measuring the length of a nasogastric tube intended for stomach placement.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following statements best describes footdrop?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Footdrop results in the foot becoming permanently fixed in a plantar flexion position, not dorsiflexion. This position points the toes downward. The client may be unable to put weight on the foot, making ambulation difficult. Footdrop can be caused by immobility or chronic illnesses that cause muscle changes, such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease.
Choice A is incorrect because footdrop leads to plantar flexion, not dorsiflexion.
Choice C is incorrect as it describes a different condition known as 'toe fanning.'
Choice D is incorrect as it describes an external rotation of the heel, which is not a characteristic of footdrop.
Question 5 of 5
A client with expressive aphasia is pointing wildly at the bath water but unable to speak. Which response from the nurse is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A client with expressive aphasia faces difficulty expressing themselves verbally but can understand others. In this scenario, the client's gestures indicate a communication attempt. The nurse's best response is to directly address the potential issue the client is indicating, which is the bath water. Option A acknowledges the client's non-verbal communication and seeks to address their concern.
Choices B, C, and D do not directly address the client's attempt to communicate about the bath water, which is the focal point of the interaction.