NCLEX Neurological Disorders

Extract:

Question 1 of 5

Which type of precautions should the nurse implement for the client diagnosed with septic meningitis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Meningococcal meningitis is transmitted via respiratory droplets, requiring Droplet Precautions (
D) in addition to Standard Precautions. Airborne (
B) and Contact (
C) are not indicated.

Question 2 of 5

Which instruction should the nurse include for a client taking phenytoin (Dilantin)?

A. Brush teeth gently to prevent gum hyperplasia. B. Avoid grapefruit juice. C. Take the medication with milk. D. Increase dietary sodium intake.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Phenytoin can cause gingival hyperplasia; gentle brushing helps prevent gum complications.

Question 3 of 5

The charge nurse is making assignments. Which client should be assigned to the new graduate nurse?

A. The client diagnosed with aseptic meningitis who is complaining of a headache and the light bothering his eyes. B. The client diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease who fell during the night and is complaining of difficulty walking. C. The client diagnosed with a cerebrovascular accident whose vital signs are P 60, R 14, and BP 198/68. D. The client diagnosed with a brain tumor who has a new complaint of seeing spots before the eyes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Aseptic meningitis with headache and photophobia (
A) is a stable condition suitable for a new graduate, requiring basic symptom management. Parkinson’s with a fall (
B) needs fall risk assessment, CVA with high BP (
C) requires experienced intervention, and brain tumor with visual changes (
D) suggests progression needing expertise.

Question 4 of 5

The wife of the client diagnosed with septic meningitis asks the nurse, 'I am so scared. What is meningitis?' Which statement would be the most appropriate response by the nurse?

A. There is bleeding into his brain causing irritation of the meninges.' B. A virus has infected the brain and meninges, causing inflammation.' C. It is a bacterial infection of the tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord.' D. It is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by a mosquito bite.'

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Septic meningitis is a bacterial infection of the meninges (
C). Bleeding (
A) describes subarachnoid hemorrhage, viral meningitis (
B) is aseptic, and mosquito-related inflammation (
D) refers to encephalitis.

Question 5 of 5

Which diagnostic test is used to confirm the diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?

A. Electromyogram (EMG). B. Muscle biopsy. C. Serum creatine kinase (CK). D. Pulmonary function test.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: EMG (
A) detects abnormal muscle electrical activity characteristic of ALS, confirming the diagnosis. Muscle biopsy (
B) is less specific, CK (
C) may be elevated but isn’t diagnostic, and pulmonary tests (
D) assess complications, not diagnosis.

NCLEX Neurological Disorders | Nurselytic

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