NCLEX-PN
NCLEX PN Exam Cram Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following statements should the nurse use to best describe a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) to a client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is, "This diet can be used when there is close medical supervision."? Very low-calorie diets (VLCDs) are used in the clinical treatment of obesity under close medical supervision. The diet is low in calories, high in quality protein, and has a minimum of carbohydrates to spare protein and prevent ketosis.
Choice B is incorrect because VLCDs are typically short-term interventions.
Choice C is incorrect because VLCDs usually consist of nutritionally complete liquid formulations, not solid food items that are pureed.
Choice D is incorrect because VLCDs actually contain a high quality of protein, although the overall caloric content is very low.
Question 2 of 5
A client who is newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and beginning medication therapy asks the nurse, 'How soon will I see improvement?' The nurse's best response is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the case of Parkinson's disease, improvement in symptoms may take several weeks of therapy to become noticeable.
Therefore, the correct answer is to inform the client that it might take several weeks before they notice improvement.
Choice A acknowledges individual variability but does not provide a specific timeframe, making it less reassuring.
Choice B suggests deferring the question to the physician, which is not the most supportive response.
Choice C is incorrect because improvement in Parkinson's disease symptoms typically does not occur within a few days.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following lab values would indicate symptomatic AIDS in the medical chart? (T4 cell count per deciliter)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A T4 cell count of less than 200 cells per deciliter indicates symptomatic AIDS. This severe depletion of T4 cells signifies advanced HIV infection and a significantly compromised immune system.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because T4 cell counts above 2000, above 1000, or below 500 cells per deciliter, respectively, are not indicative of symptomatic AIDS.
Question 4 of 5
A healthcare professional is reviewing a patient's ECG report. The patient exhibits a flat T wave, depressed ST segment, and short QT interval. Which of the following medications can cause all of the above effects?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Digitalis. Digitalis is known to cause a flat T wave, depressed ST segment, and a short QT interval on an ECG report. These ECG changes are characteristic of digitalis toxicity. Morphine is not typically associated with these ECG changes. Atropine is more commonly linked to increasing heart rate rather than causing these specific ECG abnormalities. Procardia is a calcium channel blocker that does not typically produce the described ECG findings.
Therefore, Digitalis is the most likely medication causing these effects in the patient.
Question 5 of 5
A person who had a left CVA and right lower extremity hemiparesis is being instructed by a nurse to use a quad cane. Which of the following is the most appropriate gait sequence?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct gait sequence for a person with left CVA and right lower extremity hemiparesis using a quad cane is to place the cane in the patient's strong upper extremity, which is the left upper extremity in this case. The correct sequence should be right lower extremity followed by left upper extremity, as this pattern mimics a normal gait pattern.
Therefore,
Choice A is the correct answer.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the proper gait sequence for this specific patient's condition. The cane should be placed in the strong upper extremity, and the affected lower extremity should move first to provide stability and support, which is essential in this situation.