NCLEX RN Practice Questions With Rationale

Extract:

Question 1 of 5

Which of the following is an example of a breach of a client's right to privacy?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A breach of a client's right to privacy can occur when their personal information is used or disclosed without their consent. In this scenario, using a client's photograph without permission for the hospital newsletter violates their privacy rights. It is important to respect a client's confidentiality and seek their consent before using their personal information.

Choices A, B, and C do not directly relate to breaching a client's right to privacy. Reading a client's personal information in their chart, not allowing a client to keep a copy of their medical record, and filing an incident report about a client do not necessarily violate their privacy rights as long as the information is handled appropriately and within legal and ethical boundaries.

Question 2 of 5

Victor, a 43-year-old patient who is HIV positive with a diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), has been admitted to the hospital. His prognosis is very poor, and his partner, Roger, would like to have a ceremony performed in his room to honor their union in case something happens to Victor, who agrees. What is the most appropriate response to their request?

A. Inform them that Victor is too ill for a ceremony B. Ask the social worker to intervene C. Tell them it's against hospital policy D. Coordinate with other disciplines to support their request

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most appropriate and compassionate response is to respect Victor and Roger's relationship and honor their wishes. Coordinating with other disciplines, such as social work, chaplaincy, or patient advocacy, to support their request demonstrates a holistic approach to care. This collaborative effort can facilitate the ceremony and provide emotional support to both Victor and Roger during a challenging time. Upholding their request aligns with the principles of patient-centered care and promotes dignity and respect, as outlined in the ANA Code of Ethics. Informing them that Victor is too ill for a ceremony (
Choice
A) would dismiss their emotional needs and fail to address their request. Involving the social worker without understanding the specific request (
Choice
B) may not directly address their desire for a ceremony. Telling them it's against hospital policy (
Choice
C) disregards the importance of honoring patient preferences and may cause unnecessary distress in an already sensitive situation.

Question 3 of 5

The BRAT diet is often prescribed for patients with gastroenteritis. This acronym stands for:

A. Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, and Toast B. Bread, Rice, Apricots, and Tapioca C. Bananas, Rolls, Apricots, and Toast D. Bananas, Rolls, Applesauce, and Tapioca

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The BRAT diet, which stands for Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, and
Toast, is commonly recommended for patients with gastroenteritis. These easily digestible foods help firm up stools due to their low fiber content and provide essential nutrients lost during vomiting and diarrhea.
Choice B is incorrect because it includes apricots, which are not part of the traditional BRAT diet.
Choice C is incorrect as it includes rolls, which are not typically included in the BRAT diet.
Choice D is incorrect as it includes tapioca, which is not part of the traditional BRAT diet.
Therefore, the correct answer is Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, and
Toast.

Question 4 of 5

Albert is a patient in the hospital who is scheduled for surgery the following morning. After the pre-operative visit from the anesthesia staff member who has obtained surgical consent, Albert asks for an explanation of what type of surgery he is going to have. He states that he's not sure what he just signed. What is your best response?

A. Don't worry, they'll explain it in the operating room. B. It's standard procedure to get the consent; you don't need to worry. C. Let me ask the nurse anesthetist to come back and explain it further. D. Someone will review it with you prior to surgery.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct response is to ensure that the patient fully understands the nature of the surgery they are about to undergo. If the patient expresses uncertainty about the procedure they signed consent for, it indicates a lack of informed consent, which is essential before any surgery. By requesting the nurse anesthetist to return and provide a more detailed explanation, the patient can make an informed decision.

Choices A, B, and D do not address the issue of the patient's lack of understanding and the need for informed consent, making them incorrect. Option C is the best course of action to rectify the situation and ensure the patient's understanding and consent are properly obtained.

Question 5 of 5

Choose the BEST answer. To ensure adequate protection for legal issues, offices should maintain patients' charts for:

A. 10 years B. Forever C. Until the age of majority D. 2 years after the patient was last seen in the office

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Forever.' Maintaining patients' charts indefinitely ensures comprehensive legal protection by having all relevant information available in case of litigation or if patient history needs to be referenced in the future.
Choice A, '10 years,' may not be sufficient to cover the entire period within which legal issues may arise.
Choice C, 'Until the age of majority,' is not ideal as legal matters may extend beyond this age limit.
Choice D, '2 years after the patient was last seen in the office,' is inadequate as legal actions can occur beyond this timeframe, necessitating the need for long-term retention of patient charts.