Questions 108

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NCLEX RN Medical Surgical Questions and Answers Questions

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Question 1 of 5

Which of the following has been identified as a potential risk factor for the development of colon cancer?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A history of inflammatory bowel disease is a risk factor for colon cancer. Other risk factors include age (older than 40 years), history of familial polyposis, colorectal polyps, and high-fat or low-fiber diet. CN: Reduction of risk potential; CL: Analyze

Question 2 of 5

Experimental and epidemiologic evidence suggests that a high-fat diet increases the risk of several cancers. Which of the following cancers is linked to a high-fat diet?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A high-fat diet is strongly associated with an increased risk of colon cancer, as it can promote inflammation and alter gut microbiota, contributing to carcinogenesis.

Question 3 of 5

A client has been admitted to the coronary care unit. The nurse observes third-degree heart block at a rate of 35 bpm on the client's cardiac monitor. The client has a blood pressure of 90/60. The nurse should take which of the following actions first?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Third-degree heart block with a rate of 35 bpm and hypotension requires immediate transcutaneous pacing to restore adequate heart rate and perfusion.

Question 4 of 5

A female client who has a urinary diversion tells the nurse, 'This urinary pouch is embarrassing. Everyone will know that I'm not normal. I don't see how I can go out in public anymore.' The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client is:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The client's statement reflects distress about the urinary diversion's impact on her appearance and social life, indicating a disturbed body image.

Question 5 of 5

A client who has undergone outpatient nasal surgery is ready for discharge and has nasal packing in place. Which of the following discharge instructions would be appropriate for the client?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Avoiding the Valsalva maneuver (e.g., straining) prevents increased pressure that could dislodge packing or cause bleeding. Aspirin increases bleeding risk.
Tooth brushing is safe with care. Heat may increase swelling; cold is preferred.

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