NCLEX-RN
Health Promotion and Maintenance NCLEX RN Questions Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following conditions may cause an increased respiratory rate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anemia can lead to an increased respiratory rate. In anemia, there are decreased levels of hemoglobin in red blood cells, which are responsible for carrying oxygen to the body's tissues.
To compensate for the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity, the body increases the respiratory rate to bring in more oxygen.
Stooped posture (
Choice
A) is not directly related to an increased respiratory rate. Narcotic analgesics (
Choice
B) are more likely to cause a decreased respiratory rate due to their central nervous system depressant effects. Injury to the brain stem (
Choice
C) can affect respiratory function but may not necessarily lead to an increased respiratory rate.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with bipolar disorder asks the nurse, "Why did I get this illness? I don't want to be sick."? The nurse would best respond with:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct response is, 'We don't fully understand the cause, but mental illnesses do seem to run in the family.' Current research suggests that while genetics play a role in the development of mental illnesses like bipolar disorder, it is not the sole factor. Environmental influences, life experiences, and other non-genetic factors also contribute significantly to the manifestation of mental disorders.
Choices A, B, and C provide incorrect information that is not supported by current research. Traumatic childhood experiences, contracting a virus during childhood, and an overactive immune system are not established causes of bipolar disorder or mental illnesses in general.
Question 3 of 5
A client in labor has an electronic fetal monitor attached to the abdomen, and the nurse notes that the baby's heart rate slows down during each contraction, returning to normal limits only after the contraction is complete. Which type of fetal heart rate change does this pattern describe?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Late decelerations refer to a pattern where the baby's heart rate decreases during contractions and does not return to normal until after the contraction ends. This is considered a non-reassuring sign as it indicates potential fetal distress. Late decelerations are associated with uteroplacental insufficiency, and immediate medical attention is required. Variable decelerations (
Choice
A) are abrupt, unpredictable decreases in the fetal heart rate, usually associated with cord compression. Early decelerations (
Choice
C) are usually benign and mirror the contraction pattern. Accelerations (
Choice
D) are reassuring signs of fetal well-being, characterized by an increase in the fetal heart rate.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse should tell the client to avoid which item while taking phenelzine sulfate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phenelzine sulfate is in the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) class of antidepressant medications. An individual taking an MAOI must avoid aged cheeses, alcoholic beverages, avocados, bananas, and caffeine drinks. There are also other food items to avoid, including chocolate, meat tenderizers, pickled herring, raisins, sour cream, yogurt, and soy sauce. Medications that should be avoided include amphetamines, antiasthmatics, and certain antidepressants. The client should also avoid vasoconstrictors because their concurrent use can cause hypertensive crisis.
Question 5 of 5
While caring for a client in labor, a nurse attaches an electronic fetal monitor to the client's abdomen to assess the baby's heart rate. The nurse observes that the baby's heart rate slows down during each contraction and does not return to normal limits until after the contraction is complete. What type of fetal heart rate change does this pattern describe?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Late decelerations are characterized by the baby's heart rate declining in utero during contractions. The heart rate drops below baseline and stays low until after the contraction ends. Late decelerations are concerning as they indicate uteroplacental insufficiency, which can compromise fetal oxygenation. This pattern is a non-reassuring sign and requires immediate intervention. Variable decelerations are typically abrupt decreases in heart rate, often associated with cord compression. Early decelerations, on the other hand, mirror the contractions and are considered benign, resulting from fetal head compression. Accelerations are reassuring signs of fetal well-being, indicating a responsive and healthy fetal nervous system.