Genitourinary NCLEX Questions

Extract:

Question 1 of 5

When the client asks about the source of donated kidneys, the nurse correctly identifies which of the following as the preferred donor?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A sibling or living relative is preferred due to better histocompatibility, reducing the risk of rejection.

Question 2 of 5

The nurse is caring for the client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who is experiencing metabolic acidosis. Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for metabolic acidosis in this client?

A. There is an increased excretion of phosphates and organic acids, which leads to an increase in arterial blood pH. B. A shortened life span of red blood cells because of damage secondary to dialysis treatments in turn leads to metabolic acidosis. C. The kidney cannot excrete increased levels of acid because they cannot excrete ammonia or cannot reabsorb sodium bicarbonate. D. An increase in nausea and vomiting causes a loss of hydrochloric acid and the respiratory system cannot compensate adequately.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In CKD, the kidneys fail to excrete acids (via ammonia) and reabsorb bicarbonate, leading to metabolic acidosis. Increased acid excretion would raise pH, RBC lifespan affects anemia, and vomiting causes alkalosis, not acidosis.

Question 3 of 5

The laboratory data reveal a calcium phosphate renal stone for a client diagnosed with renal calculi. Which discharge teaching intervention should the nurse implement?

A. Encourage the client to eat a low-purine diet and limit foods such as organ meats. B. Explain the importance of not drinking water two (2) hours before bedtime. C. Discuss the importance of limiting vitamin D-enriched foods. D. Prepare the client for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Calcium phosphate stones are linked to hypercalciuria. Limiting vitamin D-enriched foods reduces calcium absorption, preventing recurrence. Low-purine diets are for uric acid stones, water restriction is contraindicated, and ESWL is a treatment, not teaching.

Question 4 of 5

The nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with acute renal failure (ARF). Which question is most important for the nurse to ask during the admission interview?

A. Have you recently traveled outside the United States? B. Did you recently begin a vigorous exercise program? C. Is there a chance you have been exposed to a virus? D. What over-the-counter medications do you take regularly?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Acute renal failure can be caused by nephrotoxic agents, including over-the-counter medications like NSAIDs. Asking about medication use identifies potential causes of ARF, which is more directly relevant than travel, exercise, or viral exposure.

Question 5 of 5

The client is admitted to a nursing unit from a long-term care facility with a hematocrit of 56% and a serum sodium level of 152 mEq/L. Which condition is a cause for these findings?

A. Overhydration. B. Anemia. C. Dehydration. D. Renal failure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Elevated hematocrit (56%) and hypernatremia (152 mEq/L) indicate dehydration, which concentrates blood components and sodium. Overhydration dilutes these values, anemia lowers hematocrit, and renal failure typically causes hyponatremia.

Genitourinary NCLEX Questions | Nurselytic

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