NCLEX-PN
Kaplan NCLEX Question of The Day Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
What is the most common cause of acute renal failure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Shock.' Acute renal failure is commonly caused by inadequate blood flow to the kidneys, which can occur in cases of shock. This leads to decreased kidney function and potential kidney damage. While nephrotoxic drugs can also cause acute renal failure, shock is the primary and most common cause. An enlarged prostate may lead to obstructive uropathy but is not the most prevalent cause of acute renal failure. Diabetes is typically associated with chronic kidney disease rather than acute renal failure.
Question 2 of 5
A client arrives in the emergency department after severely lacerating the left hand with a knife. HR 96, BP 150/88, R36. The client is extremely anxious and crying uncontrollably. Based on this assessment, the nurse anticipates that this client would be in which acid-base imbalance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is respiratory alkalosis. Hyperventilation due to anxiety, pain, shock, severe infection, fever, or liver failure can lead to respiratory alkalosis. In this scenario, the client is extremely anxious and crying uncontrollably, indicating an increased respiratory rate and CO2 loss. Respiratory acidosis (choice
A) is incorrect as it is characterized by an increase in CO2 levels, not a loss. Metabolic acidosis (choice
C) involves a decrease in blood pH due to an accumulation of acids or loss of bicarbonate, which is not the case here. Metabolic alkalosis (choice
D) results from excess bicarbonate or a loss of acids, not from increased CO2 loss due to hyperventilation.
Question 3 of 5
Post thyroidectomy the nurse assesses for complications by performing which of the following assessments?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is Chvostek's. A positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign is indicative of tetany, which is associated with low calcium levels. This can occur if parathyroid glands are accidentally removed during thyroidectomy. Accu-Chek is a brand of blood glucose monitor used for checking blood sugar levels and is not relevant in this context. Ballottement is a technique used in physical examination to assess for fluid in the body, typically in the abdomen or joints. Ice water colonic is not a standard medical assessment and is not relevant to post-thyroidectomy complications.
Question 4 of 5
One week ago, a client was involved in a motor vehicle crash (MVC) and was brought to the Emergency Department (ED). In the emergency department, the client received two stitches to the forehead and was sent home. Today, the client's spouse notes that the client 'acts like he is drunk' and cannot control his right foot and arm. The nurse will suspect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Yes! The nurse will suspect a subdural hematoma. In this case, the client's presentation of acting intoxicated and experiencing loss of motor control in the right foot and arm is indicative of an acute subdural hematoma. This condition can occur after a head injury with a slow venous bleed, where symptoms may not show until compensation mechanisms are overwhelmed. Meningitis (choice
A) usually presents with fever, headache, and neck stiffness. Absence seizure (choice
B) is characterized by brief periods of unconsciousness without convulsions. Meniere's disease (choice
D) manifests with symptoms like vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus, which do not match the client's current symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
What essential assessment must be performed for clients with implanted dialysis access devices?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct! When assessing clients with implanted dialysis access devices, it is crucial to palpate for the thrill, which indicates blood flow, and auscultate for the bruit, a humming sound, to ensure the patency of the access device.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not specific assessments related to dialysis access devices. Checking color and capillary refill, pulse, Trousseau's sign, and temperature are important assessments in other contexts but not specifically for monitoring implanted dialysis access devices.