NCLEX-RN
Results Analysis Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse performs an assessment on a client with a history of heart failure who has been taking diuretics on a long-term basis. The nurse reviews the medication record, knowing that which medication, if prescribed for this client, would place the client at risk for hypokalemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bumetanide is a loop diuretic. The client on this medication would be at risk for hypokalemia. Triamterene, spironolactone, and hydrochlorothiazide are potassium-retaining diuretics.
Question 2 of 5
The home care nurse is preparing to visit a client diagnosed with Ménière's disease. The nurse reviews the primary health care provider prescriptions and expects to educate the client on which dietary measure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dietary changes such as salt and fluid restrictions that reduce the amount of endolymphatic fluid are sometimes prescribed for clients with Ménière's disease. None of the remaining options are prescribed for this disorder.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with tuberculosis. The client is receiving 600 mg of oral rifampin daily. Which laboratory finding would indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing an adverse effect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adverse or toxic effects of rifampin include hepatotoxicity, hepatitis, jaundice, blood dyscrasias, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and antibiotic-related colitis. The nurse monitors for increased liver function, bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and uric acid levels because elevations indicate an adverse effect. The normal ALT level is 4 to 36 U/L (4 to 36 U/L). The normal total bilirubin level is 0.3 to 1.0 mg/dL (5.1 to 17 mcmol/L). The normal sedimentation rate is 0 to 30 mm/hour. A normal white blood cell count is 5000 to 10,000 mm^3 (5 to 10 × 10^9/L).
Question 4 of 5
A home care nurse is assessing a client who is prescribed prazosin. Which statement by the client would support the need for further teaching regarding medication compliance?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prazosin is used to treat hypertension. The side effects of prazosin are dizziness and impotence. The client needs to be instructed to call the primary health care provider if these side effects occur. Holding (skipping) medication will cause an abrupt rise in blood pressure. Option 2 indicates difficulty taking care of oneself. The remaining options indicate client understanding regarding the medication.
Question 5 of 5
A client manages peptic ulcer disease (PUD) with excessive amounts of oral antacids. Signs/symptoms of which acid-base imbalance should the nurse assess for?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oral antacids can be effective treatment for PUD when administered properly, but when they are taken in excess they can lead to metabolic alkalosis (a pH of more than 7.45 and a bicarbonate ion [HCO3] level of more than 27 mEq/L [27 mmol/L]). As effective therapy for PUD, antacids bind with the hydrochloric acid (HCl-) of gastric secretions and halt the corrosive action of the HCl-. However, antacids are alkaline substances, and excessive administration can exceed the kidney's ability to clear the excess HCO3, which leads to the accumulation of HCO3, an increased pH, and metabolic alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis occurs when the pH is low and the HCO3 is low; respiratory acidosis occurs when the pH is low and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) is high; and respiratory alkalosis occurs when the pH is high and the PCO2 is low.