NCLEX-PN
NCLEX Questions on Genitourinary System Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which statement best explains the scientific rationale for the client’s Kussmaul’s respirations?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kussmaul’s respirations (rapid, deep breathing) in DKA compensate for metabolic acidosis by excreting carbon dioxide, a volatile acid, to raise blood pH. Kidneys excrete acid, not urine, and respirations do not increase CO2 or HCO3.
Question 2 of 5
The client has been vomiting and has had numerous episodes of diarrhea. Which laboratory test should the nurse monitor?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vomiting and diarrhea cause significant potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia, which can cause arrhythmias. Calcium, phosphorus, and sodium are less critically affected in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is examining a 15-year-old female who is complaining of pain, frequency, and urgency when urinating. After asking the parent to leave the room, which question should the nurse ask the client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sexual activity is a risk factor for UTIs in young females due to urethral irritation. Asking this privately ensures honesty and guides diagnosis/treatment. Menstrual cycle, urine color, and pain relief are secondary.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a pregnant client diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. Which scientific rationale supports the client being hospitalized for this condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy risks maternal sepsis and fetal complications (e.g., preterm labor). Hospitalization ensures aggressive IV antibiotic treatment and monitoring. Dehydration and antibiotic fears are secondary concerns.
Question 5 of 5
The clinic nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with chronic pyelonephritis who is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim), a sulfa antibiotic, twice a day for 90 days. Which statement is the scientific rationale for prescribing this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic pyelonephritis often requires long-term antibiotics like Bactrim to suppress bacterial growth when complete eradication is not possible. It does not treat spasms, and 90 days may not eliminate all bacteria or be for future use.