NCLEX-PN
NCLEX Pediatric Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The full-term newborn is placed under phototherapy lights to treat hyperbilirubinemia. The nurse should assess the newborn for dehydration due to which effect of phototherapy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phototherapy increases insensible water loss risking dehydration. It breaks down bilirubin for excretion not absorption and doesn’t directly affect sodium or urinary output.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is discharging the 3-day-old term newborn with a right-sided cephalohematoma. The nurse should instruct the parents to observe their infant closely over the next week for the development of which problem associated with the cephalohematoma?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cephalohematoma resolution causes RBC hemolysis leading to jaundice. It doesn’t affect feeding cause paleness or bulge with crying.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse would expect to withhold penicillin V (Pen-Vee-K) and notify the physician if the child had a previous allergic reaction to a medication from which drug group?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Penicillin V is a penicillin antibiotic, and cephalosporins have a similar beta-lactam structure, which can lead to cross-reactivity in patients with penicillin allergies. Withholding penicillin and notifying the physician is necessary if the child has a cephalosporin allergy.
Question 4 of 5
Which findings by the nurse best indicate that the child is experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B,E,F
Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DK
A) is characterized by hyperglycemia (blood glucose typically >250 mg/dL, so 120 mg/dL is incorrect), fruity-smelling breath due to acetone, deep and rapid breathing (Kussmaul respirations) to compensate for acidosis, and dry, flushed skin due to dehydration.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is the priority nursing action if the child shows symptoms of hypoglycemic reaction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For hypoglycemia, the priority is to rapidly raise blood glucose. Giving orange juice or milk provides quick-acting carbohydrates, the first-line treatment for conscious patients with mild to moderate hypoglycemia.