NCLEX-PN
NCLEX Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The client with Addison's disease is taking fludrocortisone 100 mcg orally once daily. Which statement made by the client regarding the fludrocortisone therapy requires further teaching by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A: The client should check with the HCP about getting vaccinations such as influenza; a chronic condition increases the client's risk for other illnesses and complications. B: The client needs further teaching if stating that he or she will stop taking fludrocortisone (Florinef) if his or her blood sugar levels are too high; stopping mineralocorticoid replacement therapy abruptly may lead to addisonian crisis. C: Common adverse effects of fludrocortisone include edema, arrhythmias, and hypertension; stating that he or she should monitor weight, BP, and pulse daily is appropriate. D: Common adverse effects of fludrocortisone include hypokalemia; stating that he or she should consume potassium-rich foods is appropriate.
Question 2 of 5
When administering intravenous electrolyte solution, the nurse should take which of the following precautions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Preventing tissue infiltration is important to avoid tissue necrosis.
Choice A is incorrect because hypertonic solutions should be infused cautiously and checked with the RN if there is a concern.
Choice B is incorrect because potassium, mixed in the pharmacy per physician order, is mixed at a concentration no higher than 60 mEq/L.
Question 3 of 5
The child, admitted to the ED, is experiencing nausea and vomiting, salivation, respiratory muscle weakness, and depressed reflexes an hour after exposure to pesticides. Which medications should the nurse anticipate administering to the child?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A: Flumazenil (Romazicon) antagonizes the effects of benzodiazepines on the CNS, such as sedation, impaired recall, and psychomotor impairment. B: An organophosphate base in pesticides causes acetylcholine to accumulate at neuromuscular junctions. Atropine (Atropine), an anticholinergic medication, and pralidoxime chloride (Protopam), a cholinesterase reactivator, are effective antidotes to reverse the symptoms. C: Epinephrine (EpiPen) is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist and cardiac stimulant that strengthens myocardial contractions, increases systolic BP, increases cardiac rate and output, and constricts bronchial arterioles, inhibiting histamine release. Naloxone (Narcan) is a narcotic antagonist that reverses the effects of opiates. D: Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind) is the antidote for digoxin and digitoxin, which acts by complexing with circulating digoxin or digitoxin, preventing the drug from binding at receptor sites.
Question 4 of 5
The client has a new prescription for metoclopramide. The nurse notifies the HCP because the client has a contraindication for metoclopramide use. Which information in the client's medical record most likely prompted the nurse's notification of the HCP?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A: The use of NG suctioning alone would not prevent metoclopramide use. Metoclopramide can be administered through the NG tube; the tube is then clamped for an hour after administration until absorption occurs. B: Metoclopramide should be used with caution with DM, but it is not contraindicated. C: The client's history of a seizure disorder would contraindicate the use of metoclopramide. Because metoclopramide (Reglan) blocks dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the CNS, it is contraindicated in seizure disorders. D: Metoclopramide is used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting for clients receiving chemotherapy.
Question 5 of 5
Which statement best describes electrolytes in intracellular and extracellular fluid?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: There is a greater concentration of sodium in extracellular fluid and potassium in intracellular fluid, maintaining cellular function and fluid balance.